German Reformation
- Created by: Chloe1345
- Created on: 26-04-15 15:51
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- German Reformation
- Erasmus
- reform the church by calling to the simplicity of the first christians
- Stressed the word of God
- looked critically at the bible to discover accurate meaning
- Stressed the word of God
- education was the way to cause the change
- reform the church by calling to the simplicity of the first christians
- Stressed the word of God
- looked critically at the bible to discover accurate meaning
- Stressed the word of God
- restore faith based on scripture
- reform the church by calling to the simplicity of the first christians
- attacked the value of monastic life
- Writings
- 1500 Adages
- European Fame
- classic learning open to a wider public. over 800 adages in latin/ greek added to till 4,000
- Handbook of a christain soldier (1503)
- restore CC to a simple imitation of the life of christ (Gospel) summary/guide
- Praise of the Folly 1511
- most famous piece of work bitter intense attack of the standards of member of the church
- mocked Pope Julius; war lover
- most famous piece of work bitter intense attack of the standards of member of the church
- New testament in Greek 1516
- first available to the public
- dedicated to Pope Leo X replied flattery and for him to carry on his work
- first available to the public
- Freedom of the will (1524)
- choose own desting, countered view spread by protestant Reformer Luther
- Martin Luther
- asked Erasmus to join him. No; anti war unlike Luther
- 1517: The 95 Theses
- clerical abuses
- Money causes greed-only God can save souls
- 1517: The 95 Theses
- clerical abuses
- Money causes greed-only God can save souls
- Indulgences. Free pass from purgatory
- Johann Tetzel
- pay debt back for the building of st Peters Baasilica in rome
- Johann Tetzel
- Indulgences. Free pass from purgatory
- Money causes greed-only God can save souls
- nailed to church in Wittenburg
- clerical abuses
- Indulgences. Free pass from purgatory
- Johann Tetzel
- pay debt back for the building of st Peters Baasilica in rome
- Johann Tetzel
- 1517: The 95 Theses
- Money causes greed-only God can save souls
- nailed to church in Wittenburg
- clerical abuses
- Teachings; venacular bible, priesthood of all believers, sola scripture,magisterial reformation, belief in bible 3 sacraments, no purgatory, pope no contorl
- Martin Luther
- choose own desting, countered view spread by protestant Reformer Luther
- 1500 Adages
- didnt attack its key teachings or condemned piety and carefully phrased
- on good terms with bishops and popes
- reform the church by calling to the simplicity of the first christians
- Lollards
- heretical groups
- Hussites
- evidence that there was Protestantism before luther
- first part of western Europe to break away the obience of the pope.
- Jan Hus
- influenced by Wyclif
- John Wyclif
- John Wyclif. outspoken attacks on clerics. Belief condemned by pope 1377
- powerful friends so avoided punishment
- translated Bible into English
- Bible only source of authority. denied authority of pope urged monarchs to reform
- John Wyclif. outspoken attacks on clerics. Belief condemned by pope 1377
- John Wyclif
- 1411 views condemned asked to come to rome to explain.Refused!
- attacked sale of indulgences
- heretic, but allowed to live safely in a castle
- 1414 wrote famous works, mainly based on Wyclif
- council of Constance met 1414 and Hus summoned to Pope John XXIII. Safe conduct from emperor Sigismund but tried for heresy and burned 1415
- Huge resentment
- 1420 Independent Bohemian church set up ( rejected popes authority)
- services in Czech, Bread and wine.
- 1420 Independent Bohemian church set up ( rejected popes authority)
- Huge resentment
- council of Constance met 1414 and Hus summoned to Pope John XXIII. Safe conduct from emperor Sigismund but tried for heresy and burned 1415
- influenced by Wyclif
- appealed to Czech national feelings against German dominance of church/gov and pope
- support: all element in Bohemian society (nobility)
- evidence that there was Protestantism before luther
- Hussites
- Hussites
- evidence that there was Protestantism before luther
- first part of western Europe to break away the obience of the pope.
- Jan Hus
- influenced by Wyclif
- John Wyclif
- John Wyclif. outspoken attacks on clerics. Belief condemned by pope 1377
- powerful friends so avoided punishment
- translated Bible into English
- Bible only source of authority. denied authority of pope urged monarchs to reform
- John Wyclif. outspoken attacks on clerics. Belief condemned by pope 1377
- John Wyclif
- 1411 views condemned asked to come to rome to explain.Refused!
- attacked sale of indulgences
- heretic, but allowed to live safely in a castle
- 1414 wrote famous works, mainly based on Wyclif
- council of Constance met 1414 and Hus summoned to Pope John XXIII. Safe conduct from emperor Sigismund but tried for heresy and burned 1415
- Huge resentment
- 1420 Independent Bohemian church set up ( rejected popes authority)
- services in Czech, Bread and wine.
- 1420 Independent Bohemian church set up ( rejected popes authority)
- Huge resentment
- council of Constance met 1414 and Hus summoned to Pope John XXIII. Safe conduct from emperor Sigismund but tried for heresy and burned 1415
- influenced by Wyclif
- appealed to Czech national feelings against German dominance of church/gov and pope
- support: all element in Bohemian society (nobility)
- evidence that there was Protestantism before luther
- appealed to to townspeople, merchants gentry
- heretical groups
- lay movements
- Devotio Moderna
- Savonarola
- churchman who tried to reform morality
- warned people of Florence that Judgement was at hand
- Medicis ruling family removed which removed abuses within the chuch eg Nepotism
- simple life and repentance
- burn items like ***** magazines, makeup
- public opinion turned on him; condemned and burned.1498
- views admired and influenced reform
- slow response to reform
- problems of Italian politics, the danger of the turks and obstruction of the cardinal at papal courts
- Calling of Lateran Council evidence that papacy wished to respond
- condemned long standing abuses of the church, attempted to reduce lavish life styles and better education
- lack of strong drive from the top
- lack of strong drive from the top
- condemned long standing abuses of the church, attempted to reduce lavish life styles and better education
- Pope Adrian VI (1522-3)
- from Netherlands so no party in rome to grant favours to nor factions to support
- personal holiness and integrity
- refused luxuries_ scared cardinals
- 1st task- reform the papal curia from where 'all evil has come'
- nobles obstructed every proposal
- refused luxuries_ scared cardinals
- 1st task- reform the papal curia from where 'all evil has come'
- nobles obstructed every proposal
- nobles obstructed every proposal
- 1st task- reform the papal curia from where 'all evil has come'
- refused luxuries_ scared cardinals
- nobles obstructed every proposal
- 1st task- reform the papal curia from where 'all evil has come'
- refused luxuries_ scared cardinals
- Clement VII (1523-34)
- aristocrat from medici family
- weak, indecisive and afraid to commit to reform
- wished to keep papcy independent
- 1520 Italy battleground from the rivalry between France and Charles
- although problem emerging in Germany (Luther) Clement refused to call another council
- Clement supported France- Bad choice. Charles won.
- Charles unpaided troops sacked Rome 1527
- Turning point in catholic reformation
- sign that god was displeased with the morals of the city and pace of the reform
- churches visible wealth was looted and popes income halved
- progressive cardinals pressed for change
- wanted to elect a pope more committed to reform
- progressive cardinals pressed for change
- churches visible wealth was looted and popes income halved
- Charles unpaided troops sacked Rome 1527
- 1520 Italy battleground from the rivalry between France and Charles
- Pope Paul III
- cardinal aged 25. lavish lifestyle. 5 children.
- 1520 spiritual change of heart
- elected pope aged 66 ( short reign?) but lived 15 more years
- 1520 spiritual change of heart
- immense energy,clear and determined views
- commited himself to reform and re-asserted the leadership of the papcy
- 1540 the foundation of the society of Jesus
- Ignatius of Loyola
- inspiration, heart and driving force
- founder of Jesuits 1540
- served the poor ,lecturing and guiding people through Ignatius's spiritual exercise
- criticised by Bobadilla and Rodriguez as didn't like the way in which the early informality of the society was changing to becoming obsessed with structure, minute rules & unnecessary form filling
- "Tyrant"
- too concerned with gaining the favour of rich and influential
- he maintained a vast correspondence with Portuguese, Hapsburg and Bavarian royalty , as well as leading aristocratic family
- Jesuits
- Missionaries
- carry out missionary work amongst those who had no christain faith.
- political relationship with portugal so concentrated on working with their rulers
- went to Brazil 1549 became a dominant religious order
- carry out missionary work amongst those who had no christain faith.
- educators
- educators. critical role in the revival of the CC. Strengthened peoples faith through teachings
- developed network of schools that eventually spread to all catholic europe
- over 800 in 1773
- no keen on idea of schools to educate non Jesuits
- first school for non-Jesuits Messina 1547
- Jesuit college in rome 1551
- expansion of Jesuits school system
- Jesuit college in rome 1551
- developed network of schools that eventually spread to all catholic europe
- educators. critical role in the revival of the CC. Strengthened peoples faith through teachings
- Preachers
- preaching sermons on sundays
- 2/3 sermons a day
- not to enter theologian debates
- Confessors
- repected and popular
- unusual, didnt charge for services
- lax approach. acussed of hyhypocrisy and no fixed standards
- over 4,000 students sent to germany . First college Cologne 1544 6 jesuits and by 1630 there were 3,000
- great force for reviving catholic central europe
- 1630 2,200 jesuit educational istitutions.
- Missionaries
- 1522 began work on spiritual exercises
- 1534 Ignatius and 6 companions vowed to remain together to go to the holy land.
- 1537 trip to holy land via Venice, but war between Venice and Turks made it impossible
- 1538 Ignatius and 2 companions went to Rome to offer their services
- 1339 still aimed to go to Jerusalem by Pope Paul suggested they saved souls in Rome/ital6y
- 1538 Ignatius and 2 companions went to Rome to offer their services
- 1540 Pope Paul III officially founded the Society of Jesus with the bull Regimini militantis ecclesiae
- companions
- Bobadilla
- Spanish aristocrat. respected Ignatius but fiery/restless temperament lead him to dislike publically the growing conformity and formality of the society after 1550 .
- 1556 after Ignatius death great crisis, sided with pope Paul IV wanted to reduce privileges of the order
- Favre
- fervent supporter of Ignatius and promoting spiritual exercise1540 much of time in Germany reporting the Lutheranism issue and poor state of Germany
- Rodriguez
- increased Jesuits numbers. strong supporter of king John III. independent spirit and development of highly personal ministry worried ignatius
- Lainez
- 2nd to join. impressed Paul- asked to teach theology in Rome.
- council of Trent, asked to check details of the Index of Prohibited Books (pope produced 1559)
- asked to represent Pius IV at the Colloquy of Poissy 1561
- call a compromise between catholic and calvinist
- 2nd to join. impressed Paul- asked to teach theology in Rome.
- Salmeron
- multi tasker marked him as a leading Jesuit ( in demand)
- attended council of Trent
- 1564 wrote many commentaries on scripture. life was every aspect of Jesuit misson
- set up first Jesuit college 1550 in Naples before returning for the 2nd Council of Trent
- diplomat at Diet of Augsberg 1555
- attended council of Trent
- multi tasker marked him as a leading Jesuit ( in demand)
- Xavier
- given authority for mission work by John of Portugal and Pope Paul
- one of the greatest Christian missionaries
- given authority for mission work by John of Portugal and Pope Paul
- Bobadilla
- 1537 trip to holy land via Venice, but war between Venice and Turks made it impossible
- 1534 Ignatius and 6 companions vowed to remain together to go to the holy land.
- society not to attack the vices of others or openly criticise their way of life.
- founder of Jesuits 1540
- served the poor ,lecturing and guiding people through Ignatius's spiritual exercise
- criticised by Bobadilla and Rodriguez as didn't like the way in which the early informality of the society was changing to becoming obsessed with structure, minute rules & unnecessary form filling
- "Tyrant"
- too concerned with gaining the favour of rich and influential
- he maintained a vast correspondence with Portuguese, Hapsburg and Bavarian royalty , as well as leading aristocratic family
- Jesuits
- Missionaries
- carry out missionary work amongst those who had no christain faith.
- political relationship with portugal so concentrated on working with their rulers
- went to Brazil 1549 became a dominant religious order
- carry out missionary work amongst those who had no christain faith.
- educators
- educators. critical role in the revival of the CC. Strengthened peoples faith through teachings
- developed network of schools that eventually spread to all catholic europe
- over 800 in 1773
- no keen on idea of schools to educate non Jesuits
- first school for non-Jesuits Messina 1547
- Jesuit college in rome 1551
- expansion of Jesuits school system
- Jesuit college in rome 1551
- developed network of schools that eventually spread to all catholic europe
- educators. critical role in the revival of the CC. Strengthened peoples faith through teachings
- Preachers
- preaching sermons on sundays
- 2/3 sermons a day
- not to enter theologian debates
- Confessors
- repected and popular
- unusual, didnt charge for services
- lax approach. acussed of hyhypocrisy and no fixed standards
- over 4,000 students sent to germany . First college Cologne 1544 6 jesuits and by 1630 there were 3,000
- great force for reviving catholic central europe
- 1630 2,200 jesuit educational istitutions.
- Missionaries
- founder of Jesuits 1540
- Ignatius of Loyola
- 1542 the roman inquisisiton
- accpeted Carafa's recommendation to found an inquisition.
- 1541-2 italy in danger
- creat courts through europe superior toall others
- never implememented
- 1580 no evidence of protestantism
- accpeted Carafa's recommendation to found an inquisition.
- 1545 the council of trent
- 1540 the foundation of the society of Jesus
- commited himself to reform and re-asserted the leadership of the papcy
- cardinal aged 25. lavish lifestyle. 5 children.
- aristocrat from medici family
- Erasmus
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