Population Case Studies

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  • Created by: Rachelle
  • Created on: 21-04-13 03:15
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  • Population
    • CHINA: One Child Policy
      • 1949: Baby Boom. (Marry later in life)
        • 1958-1961: Droughts + Floods (2m deaths, leader encourages to have many children --> second baby boom.
          • 1970: Above Replacement Level (Birth rate 5.8- above 2.1 needed for stable population.
            • 1979: Anti-Natalist Policy
              • Family Planning advice + contraceptives freely available
              • 'One Child Certificate'
              • Benefits
                • Housing
                • Childcare
                • Cash Bonus
                • Longer Maternity Leave
                • Chance of promotion for gov. staff
              • Penalties
                • Gov. Staff Fired
                • No basic rice allowance for extra kids.
                • Gov.staff pensions revoked.
                • Extra kids denied same quality healthcare + edu.
                • Fines up to 4x family income.
      • Effective in cities, not in rural areas.
        • Farmers allowed second child if first was female to help with farming.
      • 4-2-1 Problem!
      • March 2011- considers relaxing policy
    • FRANCE: Pro-Natalist Measures
      • Population growth due to immigrants from Southern Europe, French colonies in North Africa.
      • Large Family Card: families 3+ children
        • Reduction on train and subway fares
      • Paris Family Card
        • Kids free entrance to pools and subsidized entry to public sports facilities
      • Strategies
        • 16 weeks paid maternity leave for 1st, 26 weeks for 3rd.
        • Subsidized childcare facilities
        • System of creches for toddlers
        • 26  months off work shared by parents
        • Less tax for working moms.
        • Subsidized nursery for kids 3+ years.
        • Pre-school facilities for kids 2-3 yrs.
        • Bigger family = less tax
    • JAPAN: Ageing PopulationCase Study
      • 1/3 population pensioners
        • Consumption tax raised by 5%
        • Retirement age to 70 yrs
      • Unstable social security system
      • By 2025, dependency ratio 2:3
      • Rehiring Programs
        • Companies move senior employees from regular long term employment to fixed, renewable contracts.
      • Year 2050, 40% will be 65+
      • Old people get more sick
        • Pressure on hosipitals
        • Lack of space in care home/ meals on wheels
        • Family members feel burden:4m elderly live alone
          • Stress on economic active people decrease work quality
      • Shortage of workers
        • Less tax payers
          • Less fund for public edu, health care, police

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