geaography coastal landscapes
- Created by: molly
- Created on: 02-04-18 11:50
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- Geography-Costal Landscapes
- Weathering
- chemical- rocks reacting with slightly acidic water
- Mechanical- water falls into the cracks in rocks and freezes and causes it to expand
- Biological- action of plants and animals such as burrowing and tree roots
- Erosion
- Abrasion: breaking waves throw material against the coast
- Hydraulic action: pressure of water against the coast line and compressing air in to joints
- Attrition: rocks and pebbles in waves rub together and break into smaller pieces
- Solution: the chemical action of some water dissolves rocks.
- Transport
- Traction- large boulders are rolled along the sea bed
- Saltation- smaller stones are bounced along the seabed
- Suspension- sand and small particles are carried along in the flow
- Solution- some minerals are dissolved and carried along in the flow
- coast lines
- discordant- the rock types alternate and waves are at right angles to the rock, forming bays and headlands
- Concordant- the same rock type and waves are parallel to the rocks
- Waves
- Destructive waves
- swash is weak and backwash is strong
- have high energy and occur in stormy conditions
- material is dragged into the sea eroding the coast
- constructive waves
- swash Is strong and backwash is weak
- material is deposited building up the coast
- low energy and occur in calm conditions
- Destructive waves
- UK weather and climate
- The four seasons have different impacts on costal erosion
- Effects of stormy weather
- Strong winds increasing eroding power and heavy rainfall for mass movement
- Frequent storms can damage costal landscapes such as spits
- beach sediment and sand dunes can be removed
- prevailing winds
- The UK has south-west prevailing winds bring warm moist air from the atlantic and frequent rainfall
- costal erosion- the breaking down and removal of material along the coast
- Coastal retreat- when coastal erosion causes the coastline to move inland
- Erosional Landforms
- Headlands and bays
- These develop on coastlines with a mix of hard and soft rock. Hard rock is left jutting out forming a headland and soft rock is eroded forming a bay
- Caves, arches and stacks
- cave formed when the waves erode a weakness in the rock such as a joint
- Arch- formed when two caves erode back from either side of a headland and meet in the middle
- stacks- forms when a arch collapses
- Wave cut platforms
- the erosion of cliffs can create wave cut platforms
- rock face over hangs and wave-cut notch where the wave has undercut
- overhang collapses and a platform is formed and the cliff retreats inland
- Headlands and bays
- Depositional landforms
- Beaches
- Beaches are accumulations of sand and shingle formed by deposition, erosion and transportation
- Spits
- Spits are narrow beaches of sand or shingle that are attached to the coast at one and taper to a point at the other
- Flashcard for how they are formed
- Bars
- A bar is a spit that finally meets land and creates a ***** of land that joins two pieces of land
- A apit that has grown in length and size
- Flash card for *** formed
- Beaches
- Human activity
- urbanistation
- weight of buildings makes cliffs more vunerable
- Changes to drainage increase soil satuaration
- Raises interest n protection costal landscapes
- Agriculture
- increases soil erosion and sedementation
- creates wildlife habitats
- Industry
- increases pollution and destroy habittas
- creates jobs
- urbanistation
- Weathering
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