Geography A-Level - Physical - Storm Hazards
- Created by: Noah_S
- Created on: 31-05-21 12:41
View mindmap
- Storm Hazards
- Case Study - Haiyan
- Impacts
- Huge storm surges (up to 6m high) responsible for killing 8000 people (Social)
- $2.9 Billion worth in damage, with 5.6 Million jobs lost (Economic)
- Led to widespread looting in Tacloban (Social)
- Damaged water supply led to an outbreak of diseases like Dysentery (Environment)
- Responses
- Satellite monitoring led 800,000 to evacuate from the region (Short Term)
- Many countries + Charities helped relief effort via S&R teams and aid (Short Term)
- 'Cash for Work' schemes implemented in Tacloban to help rebuild (Short Term)
- Charities helped build storm-resistant houses (Long Term)
- Pre-Disaster
- Made landfall in the Philippines, near a major city called Tacloban
- Many Filipinos have moved into large cities, building poorly constructed houses nearest to the sea, which is a dangerous area to Tropical Storms
- Category 5 Tropical Storm, with strong winds of over 250 kph
- Impacts
- Case Study - Katrina
- Impacts
- Massive storm surges (up to 10m) destroyed 110,000 out of 180,000 homes (Social + Economic)
- 1242 people died to the storm, but not many after due to US infrastructure + 1 Million became displaced (Social)
- Many businesses were affected in New Orleans + Oil Rigs in Gulf Coast being damaged meant oil prices shot up (£1 per litre in UK) (Economic)
- Famous French Quarter was damaged, reducing tourism (Economic)
- Pre-Disaster
- New Orleans hadn't been hit with a Catagory 5 storm before
- Much of the levee system was not up to modern standards, with the replacement only being 60-90% completed
- Flood defences were breached, submerging 80% of the city during the Hurricane
- Responses
- Most of the population evacuated due to warnings (Short Term)
- US Senate provided $10.5 Billion in aid + Additional $51.8 the next week (Short Term)
- Government criticised because majority affected were African Americans (Long Term)
- President Bush criticized for being slow to visit the affected area (Long Term)
- Impacts
- General Theory
- Hazards
- Storm Surges
- A large rise in sea level caused by high winds pushing water at the coast
- High Winds
- Wind speeds can reach more than 300kph
- Heavy Rain & Flooding
- Warm, moist air rises and condenses, which can cause river discharges to increase suddenly
- Storm Surges
- Distribution & Structure
- Formation
- The sea water needs to be above 27*C for at least 50m below the surface
- Needs to be a disturbance near the sea-surface (e.g. an area of low pressure)
- Needs to have a convergence of air in the lower atmosphere, so warm air rises
- Be at least 5* from the Equator, so the Coriolis effect is strong enough
- Structure
- Hundreds of kilometres wide in a circular shape
- At the centre there is an area of very low pressure called the eye, with rising air spirals around called the eye wall, causing strong winds
- Distribution
- They happen mainly between the tropics (23* N/S), and move westwards
- Occurs in the Caribbean Sea (Hurricanes), Bay of Bengal (Cyclones), China Sea (Typhoons) and Northern Australia
- Formation
- Impacts
- Secondary
- Lack of clean water causes diseases to spread
- Agricultural land is damaged, affecting commercial farming
- Primary
- People are injured or killed by debris that's blown around or carried in flood water
- Destruction of buildings and infrastructure from colliding with debris
- Beaches are eroded and coastal habitats are damaged
- Secondary
- Hazards
- Case Study - Haiyan
Comments
No comments have yet been made