Geography A-Level - Physical - Landforms of Erosion & Deposition
- Created by: Noah_S
- Created on: 21-06-21 09:26
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- Landforms of Erosion & Deposition
- Erosion
- Headlands, Bays & Coves
- Forms when there are bands of alternating hard and soft rock on the shoreline
- At discordant coastlines (90* to the sea), headlands & bays form, as different parts of the coastline erode at different rates
- At concordant coastlines, coves form, as the waves break through a band of hard rock and then quickly erode the softer rock behind it
- Cliffs & Wave-Cut Platforms
- Cliffs form as the sea erodes the land, and overtime cliffs retreat due to the action of waves and weathering
- Weathering and erosion causes a notch to form at the high water mark, causing the cliff to collapse
- The rock left behind underneath a wave-cut notch is a wave-cut platform
- Caves, Arches & Stacks
- Landforms in a cliff (cliff profile features) come in stages
- Joints in the rock are eroded and form caves
- The walls of the cave are eroded, and then break through to the other side of a cliff, forming an arch
- More erosion causes the arch to become unstable, collapsing and forming a stack, which is then eroded into a stump
- Headlands, Bays & Coves
- Deposition
- Tombolos
- A spit which joins an island to the mainland
- Can form when a spit hits the island off the mainland
- Can also form from when an island creates a sheltered area, where deposition occurs in the lee of the island due to it being an area of low energy
- Spits
- Formed when the prevailing wind is oblique to the coast
- There is also a distinct change in coastline (usually next to an estuary or bay) needed for it to form
- Sediment is transported by LSD and deposited along the direction of the prevailing wind despite the rapid change in coastline, extending the sediment outwards
- Simple spits - Either straight or recurved, and do not have minor spits or recurved ridges in their inland edge
- Compound spits - May have features similar to simple spits, and have a number of recurved ridges or minor spits in their inland edge
- Bars
- A spit that joins two parts of the mainland together, blocking off a bay that becomes a lagoon
- A bar can also occur when offshore sediment/bar is moved onshore, often after sea level rise, in a process called bulldozerization
- Beaches
- Formed when constructive waves deposit sediment on the shore, in which can either be 'swash-aligned' or 'drift-aligned'
- 'Swash-aligned' beaches include bay beaches and bars, and barrier beaches
- 'Drift-aligned' beaches include spits, tombolos and bars
- Beach Features
- Ridges & Runnels - Where energy is lost as material is carried down the beach
- Storm Beach - Strong swash at spring high tide throws the biggest boulders here
- Berms - Ridges of sediment found at high tide marks
- Cusps - Crescent-shaped indentations that form on beaches mixed with sand & shingle
- Ripples - Developed on the sand by wave or tidal action
- Tombolos
- Erosion
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