Genetically Modified Organisms
- Created by: beth-marie2511
- Created on: 19-06-16 23:49
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- Genetically Modified Organisms
- An organism that has had its genotype altered to produce a new organism
- Process
- 1. Plasmid extracted from the bacterium
- 2. Restriction enzyme is used to cut the plasmid and remove the dis-advantageous gene
- 3. A section of DNA containing a resistant gene is located.
- The same restriction enzyme is used to cut the DNA and isolate the gene
- 4. Gene is inserted into the plasmid to replace the 'bad' gene
- DNA ligase is used to join the vector and donor DNA together
- 5. Plasmid gets inserted back inti the bacterium
- 6. bacterial cell is introduced into the cell of the organism. The bacterial cell divides and the gene is inserted into the organisms DNA
- 7. Transgenic dells are grown in a petri dish (e.g. plant cells are grown in a tissue culture)
- Examples
- Soya Beans
- Important food source
- Genetically modified to be herbicide resistant
- They are unaffected when herbicides are used to kill weeds which reduces competition for resources
- Tomatoes
- Ripening process is slowed down
- 'Flavr Savr' gene - inserted by the process of mRNA and reverse transcriptase
- Soya Beans
- Benefits
- Superior keeping qualities
- Reduces the need for chemicals by using pesticide/ herbicide resistant genes
- Higher yield
- Solves food shortages
- Concerns
- Exchange of genetic material from GM crops to wild forms by pollination
- Using marker genes is a concern because they can be resistant to antibiotics
- Genes could be transferred to humans
- Oncogenes
- Unknown effects of the new protein
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