Pest Control
A mindmap on pest control, i tried to make the notes as dense as possible and covered all areas of pest control :)
- Created by: Abbey1995
- Created on: 29-03-14 11:07
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- Pest Control
- Pest - An organism that reduces the quality orproductivity of crops or livestock by...
- Reducing harvest due to ill health of crop/livestock (disease)
- Reducting harvest due to competition for water, light, nutrients etc (weeds)
- Killing the crop/livestock
- Reducing quatity of harvest ie they eat it
- Causing human disease.
- Why do we need pest control?
- 1/3 world harvest lost to pests (mostly LEDC)
- Important if intensive to large scale farming methods such as mono and intensive rearing are used.
- Pesticides
- Toxic chemicals used to kill pests
- Rapid control with long term problems
- Applied via: Spraying, powder seeds, soil injection, dipping livestock, denching (livestock drink pesticides to kill internal parasites)
- Properties
- Specificity and persistance
- Toxicity and mode of action
- Cumulative (bioaccum and biomag)
- Herbicides
- Weeds reduce crops by: Competition, contamination, providing food for other pests (fungi & insects)
- Chemical weed killers (herbicides)
- Hormone herbicides have systematic chemicals that kill weeds by modifying aspects of growth or development. (Harmful in weeds)
- 2,4, D - Kills broadleaf weeds by causing excessive cell elongation.
- 2,4,5,T - Kills all broadleaf plants. Insoluble, only kills shallow rooted weeds. Tetratogenic to humans so rarely used.
- Off-target spray damage from droplet drift/vapour drift.
- Droplet drift - wind Vapour drift - evap
- Cause unrestrained growth until plant runs out of food reserves and dies.
- Affect certain plant types so can kill broad leaf wees in cerial crops.
- Insectisides
- No natural preditors if accidently imported.
- Serious problem in tropics due to no cold winter.
- Damage by...eating crop, spoil appearence and spread disease (sleeping sickness in cattle and virus disease in crops)
- Microorganisms and antibiotics
- Antibiotics treat bacterial and fungal infections to control infections in sick animals.
- Increase gross growth efficiency of livestock by reducing gut bacteria.
- Most resistant bacteria survive. Some bacteria in livestock can pass disease onto humans eg e-coli and salmonella.
- Quantity of antibiotics used on livestock much higher than humans.
- Bacterica can exchange genetic info between species and so can become pathogen.
- Cultural control (without pestesides)
- Crop rotation, mulching, barrier crops.
- Sowing density/date
- Intercropping, pherimone traps, animal hormones.
- iological control, use of pest.
- Pest - An organism that reduces the quality orproductivity of crops or livestock by...
- Affect certain plant types so can kill broad leaf wees in cerial crops.
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