mutations in genes
- Created by: vezting
- Created on: 18-10-15 19:00
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- Gene Mutations
- base sequence
- substitution: one base is swapped for another
- deletion: one or more bases are removed
- insertion: one or more bases are added
- duplication: one or more bases are repeated
- inversion: the sequence of bases is reversed
- frameshift
- adding or deleting changes the number of bases present
- this causes a shift in all the bases that follow
- neutral mutations
- mutation changes triplet, but the amino acid it codes for doesnt change becuase of degenerate
- amino acid changes but is chemically similar so functions similarly
- mutated triplet codes for an amino acid not involved with proteins function
- beneficial mutations
- EG some bacteria break down antibiotics. mutations on the genes could make them digest a wider range.
- this means they will survive and reproduce
- harmful mutations
- cysitc fibrosis cause by deletion of 3 bases in the gene that codes for CFTR
- it now folds incorrectly so gets broken down, leading to excess mucus
- base sequence
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