gender differences in education

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  • Created by: Lily
  • Created on: 11-04-13 16:50
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  • GENDER DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATION
    • GIRLS ACHIEVING
      • EXTERNAL FACTORS
        • FEMINISM - a social movement fighting for womens equality
          • Untitled
          • ANGELEA MCROBBIE- 70's magazines = marriage and love. 90's magazines = independent career women
        • FAMILY CHANGES
          • More divorce + cohabitation + lone parents = women financially independent = positive image
        • WOMENS EMPLOYMENT
          • 1970 - equal pay act, "MENS JOBS" = declined. WOMEN FEEL MORE SUCCESFULL IN CAREERS (role models)
        • CHANGING AMBITIONS
          • SUE SHARPE - 1974 + low aspirations, intelligence unattractive, husbands and children more important. 1990's = carrers most important!
      • INTERNAL FACTORS
        • EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES
          • ALISON KELLY - compulsory science for boys & girls!
          • JOAN BOALER - rewarded girls = generally work harder
        • ROLE MODELS
          • Increase of women head/teachers.
            • "GENDER DOMAIN"
        • GCSES
          • MITSOS & BROWNE - girls harder working so coursework is beneficial.
          • JANNETTE ELWOOD - exams still more important!!!!!
        • TEACHER ATTENTION
          • BECKY FRANCIS - boys "picked on", lower expectations.
          • SWANN * GRADDOL - boys -= negative attention. Girls = progress
        • STEREOTYPES
          • GABY WEINER - sexist images removed, teachers challenge sexism
        • SELECTION
          • SLEE - boys less attractive = disruptive, acheive less, prone to exclusion
      • IS IT IMPORTANT?
        • YES - LIBERAL FEMINISTS great progress, keep it up!
        • NO - RADICAL FEMINISTS, patriarchy! domination of male teachers
    • BOYS FALLING BEHIND
      • POOR LITERACY
        • parents read less to sons
        • leisure activities do little to improve e.g football
      • DECLINE IN "MALE JOBS"
        • MITSOS & BROWNE - identity crisis and low self esteem
      • FEMINISATION OF EDUCATION
        • SEWELL - dont promote "masculine traits" e.g competetion. coursework benfits girls
      • LACK OF MALE ROLE MODELS
        • 1.5 MILLION - raised by mums 40% - no male teachers
          • BECKY FRANCIS - 2/3rds = gender doesnt matter
      • LADDISH SUBCULTURE
        • EPSTEIN - work hard = "gay" "sissy"
      • IMPROVEMENTS
        • NATIONAL LITERACY STRAGEY
        • DADS AND SONS CAMPAIGN
    • SUBJECT CHOICE
      • 1. EARLY SOCIALISATION "raised differently"
        • FIONA NORMAN - boys reward = active girls reward = passive
        • ELWOOD - boys - hooby/info books, girls - people stories
        • GENDER DOMAINS
      • IMAGE
        • KELLY "MALE SCIENCE" science teachers men, biased textbooks, domination of equipent
        • BUT single sex school = less traditional choices
      • PEER PRESSURE
        • ALISON DEWAR - sporty girls = "butch" "lesbian"
      • CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
        • Statistics of careers
      • GENDER IDENTITY
        • verbal abuse (reinforces gender norms)
        • male peer groups, reinforce masculinity
        • discipline, "protect females - vunreable image"
        • "male gaze" girls looked up & down = sex objects
        • double standards - sexual conquests men = bragging, women = "slags"
    • CLASS AND ETHNICITY
      • DFES - class x3 the effect, boys and girls = similiar class = similar results
      • SEWELL - blakc boys education "feminine"

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