Gender Differences - Internal and External Factors
- Created by: Sonal
- Created on: 27-02-15 12:01
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- Gender Differences
- EXTERNAL FACTORS
- Feminism
- Impact on women's rights and opportunities e.g. equal pay
- Through feminists girls now have more equal rights and therefore can do more in education therefore take advantage of this opportunity, whereas boys have always had these rights
- Feminist ideas are likely to hace affected girl's self image and aspirations - more motivated to do well in education
- Through feminists girls now have more equal rights and therefore can do more in education therefore take advantage of this opportunity, whereas boys have always had these rights
- Feminist ideas are likely to hace affected girl's self image and aspirations - more motivated to do well in education
- Impact on women's rights and opportunities e.g. equal pay
- Changing Perspectives & Ambitions
- Sharpe - Compared 2 studies of 1970s and 1990s1970s - girls' priorities were love, marriage, children1990s - priorities had switched to careers and being able to be independent
- Francis - Found that girls now had high career aspirations and so needed educational qualifications
- Changes in Family
- Since 1970s..
- An increase in divorce rate
- More lone parent families
- Smaller families and more women staying single
- These changes mean women have both more need and more opportunity to be economically independent - more motivation
- Since 1970s..
- Women's Employment
- Changes in the law have improved the position of working women
- 1970 Equal Pay Act and 1975 Sex Discrimination Act give women more employment rights
- Since 1975 the pay gap between men and women has almost halved
- More incentive to see their future in terms of paid work and get more qualifications
- Changes in the law have improved the position of working women
- Feminism
- INTERNAL FACTORS
- Equal Opportunities Policies
- GIST & WISE - Programmmes to encourage girls into science & technology
- The national curriculum - 1988 girls & boys now largely study study the same subjects
- Meritocracy
- Role Models
- Female teachers provide positive, pro-educational role models for girls
- Presence of female teachers feminises eduaction. Girls then perceive educational success as a desirable femnine trait
- Coursework
- Mitsos and Browne - Girls do better than boys in coursework
- GCSEs boosted girl's exam results as a result of coursework being a major part
- However, Elwood says exams have a bigger influence on final grades - coursework has limited effect on gender differences
- Stereotypes In Learning Materials
- Studies of reading schemes, textbooks etc.underrepresented females portrayed in domestic roles
- Since 1980s, many of these sexist images have been removed - more positive images - raises aspirations
- Teacher Attention
- French & French - boys receive more attention for misbehaviour but, academically equal attention
- Francis - boys disciplined more harshly & had lower expectations
- Swann - boys domninate class discussions & girls listen and cooperate - teachers favour this
- Marketisation
- Competitiveness between schools - with league tables etc.
- Girls - generally more successful, more attractive to schools
- Girls get a better education & achieve more as a result
- Boys - lower-achieving & more badly-behaved - 'liability students'
- Girls get a better education & achieve more as a result
- Radical feminsts education systems remains patriarchal e.g. heads are more likely male, sexual harassment against girls
- Girls - generally more successful, more attractive to schools
- Competitiveness between schools - with league tables etc.
- Equal Opportunities Policies
- EXTERNAL FACTORS
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