Gender part 2

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  • Gender
    • Atypical sex chromosome patterns
      • XXY = Klinefelter's syndrome
        • 1 in 750 males
        • Biologically males but have an extra X
        • 10% are undentified prenatal but 66% not aware
        • Psychological
          • poor language and reading skills
          • Passive and shy
          • problems with executive functions
          • Cant cope with stress
      • Turner's syndromes
        • XO
        • 1 in 5000
        • 45 chromosomes
        • Physical
          • no periods
          • broad chest
          • webbed ears
          • hips not big
        • Psychological
          • higher reading ability
          • lower spatial, visual memory and maths
          • socially immature
    • Cognitive explanations
      • Kohlberg's theory
        • Stage 1
          • Children can correctly identify themselves at age 2
          • Age 3 identify others
          • Boy = when i grow up i will be a mummy
        • Stage 2
          • Gender stability at 4
          • challenged by long haired men and changing sex
        • Stage 3
          • Gender consistency at age 6
            • may be amused by man in a dress
      • Gender schema theory
        • Gender schemas include what we know about gender-appropriate behaviour
        • Establishes gender identity
          • Then seeks for info
        • Expand over time to include a range of behaviours
        • Directs behaviour and reinforces stereotypes
          • By 6 = fixed sterotype
    • Psycho-dynamic explanation
      • Pre-phallic stage people have no concept of gender
      • @ 3-6 boys = oedipus and girls = electra
      • Conflict is over when the child identifies with their same sex parent

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