Gender inequalities
- Created by: ajackson02
- Created on: 26-05-21 17:24
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- GENDER INEQUALITIES
- THEORIES
- Functionalist
- Parsons- biologically allocated roles, expressive vs instrumental
- Murdock- women located in the home because of their biological functions
- New Right
- Phyllis Schlafly
- Marriage and motherhood= identity and fulfilment
- Phyllis Schlafly
- Functionalist
- EMPLOYMENT
- Human Capital Theory- men have more HC than women- more willing to do paid work as women have families
- Crit by Olsen and Walby- systematic disadvantage in obtaining human capital in female dominated jobs eg less training
- Barron and Norris- Dual Labour Market theory
- Primary- stable, secure well paid Secondary- insecure, poor pay
- Reasons why women are most likely in secondary sector 1.'Unsuitability' 2. Disrupted careers 3. Weak legal framework
- Crit Bradley (1996) inequalities in same sectors, eg teaching
- Primary- stable, secure well paid Secondary- insecure, poor pay
- Sharpe (1994) girls' priorities now on careers
- Benston (1972) Women benefit capitalism through a) free domestic labour and b) reproducing, raising and educating the next generation of workers
- Ansley (1976)- '**** takers'
- Walby (1980) Women staying at home harms capitalism- women competing for lower wages increases profit, and they have superior spending power
- Private and public patriarchy
- Mac an Ghaill 'Crisis in masculinity' due to social and economic changes
- Displayed in crime and anti social behaviour
- 70% of people in low wage jobs are women
- 22% of women have a persistently low income, comp. to 14% of men
- Women represent 70% of the world's poor
- 30,000 fired for pregnancy
- West & Zimmerman (1991) 'women's unsuitability'
- Prevents them moving into private sector
- Human Capital Theory- men have more HC than women- more willing to do paid work as women have families
- MALE INEQUALITY
- Boys 2x as likely to need special educational need
- Boys achieve worse than girls at GCSE
- Largest underachievers are white WC boys
- 3x more likely to commit suicide
- Over 95% killed in the workplace are men
- Least desirable jobs- dominated by men
- SOCIAL MOBILITY
- Women less likely to be upwardly mobile
- Savage (2011) Men 40% more likely to climb the career ladder
- HOME
- Delphy and Leonard
- Wives contribute more at home but get fewer benefits- economic and social factors make it difficult to leave
- Study on French farming families
- Wives contribute more at home but get fewer benefits- economic and social factors make it difficult to leave
- Johnson (1995) 'patriarchal terrorism'
- Ann Oakley (1974) gender role socialisation through manipulation and canalisation
- Preference theory (Hakim 2006) - women not as committed to careers as men
- Crit by Ginn (1996)- employers' attitudes keep women part time
- Intersectionality- Sylvia Walby
- Six patriarchal structures 1.Paid employment 2. The household 3.The state 4.Media 5.Sexuality 6.Violence
- Delphy and Leonard
- THEORIES
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