SOCIOLOGY
- Created by: belleva
- Created on: 29-10-17 14:12
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- Gender and Subject choice
- Gendered career opportunities
- Womens jobs involve a narrow range of occupations falling into 4 catogaries.
- Clerical, secretarial, personal services of cleaning.
- Employment is highly gendered , jobs tend to be 'sex typed' as mens or women's.
- This sex typing affects boys and girls ideas about what jobs are acceptable for their sex.
- Womens jobs involve a narrow range of occupations falling into 4 catogaries.
- Early socialisation
- leisure reading & subject choice
- Murphy and Elwood (1988) found boys read hobby books and information texts , so prefer science.
- Girls read stories about people and prefer people.
- Early socialisation shapes children's gender identities.
- At school- Eileen Bryne (1979) found teachers encourage boys to be tough and show initiative , whereas they expected girls to be quiet and helpful.
- Gender domains- tasks seem as either male of female territory.
- These views are shaped by children's early experiences and by expectations of adults.
- In the family - from an early age, boys & girls are dressed differently and given different toys.
- Boys regarded as being active, girls as being passive (Fiona Norman 1988)
- Gender domains- tasks seem as either male of female territory.
- leisure reading & subject choice
- peer pressure
- subject choice is influences by peer pressure
- Carrie Paechter (1998) - Girls likely to opt out of sports. Alison Dewar (1990) - seen as a 'butch' or as a 'lesbian'
- Boys opt out of music or dance as it falls out of their gender domain. Likely to attract negative responses from peers.
- Gender subject images
- Subjects have an 'gender image' - either seen as male or female. e.g science mainly taught by men, textbooks use boys interest as examples. As a result , seen as a masculine subject , so mainly taken by boys.
- Education options
- National curriculum option: Girls+ Boys chose differently . Boys- graphics Girls- food tech.
- AS & A levels: More choice , Boys- maths Girls- sociology. Institute of Physics found that the propotion of A level physics students whoa re girls is 20% for over 20 years. ( are policies: WISE + GIST working)
- Vocation Course: only 1 in 100 childcare apprentices are boys.
- Gender Domain
- Naime Brown + Carol Ross (1991) - domain is shapes by experiences and expectations of adults. Gender Domain- tasks and activities specifies to the genders.
- Children are more confident in doing task in part of own gender domain.
- Patricia Murphy (1991) - boys and girls pay attention to different details in a task . E.g - Girls: focus on how people feel . Boys : how things are made or work. This links to reasons why they pick different subjects.
- Single sex schooling
- Holds less stereotypes on gender and choices in education.
- Diana Leonard (2006) studiy on 13,000 individuals- in these schools girls and boys more likely to take any subject , because there are no stereotypes on which they should take.
- Her study supports institute of Physics- in these schools more girls take a level physics.
- Gender, vocational choice and class
- W.C - Vocational course based on gender identity.
- Carol Fuller(2011) girls go into child care and hair and beauty.(reflected the W.C habitus)
- Work experience- girls go into nursery nursing and retail. Fuller- school is steering them towards certain gendered jobs.
- W.C - Vocational course based on gender identity.
- Gendered career opportunities
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