Gender and crime

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  • Created by: 11pyoung
  • Created on: 13-04-18 16:01
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  • Gender and crime
    • Gender differences in offending rates
      • Self-report studies
        • Newburn
          • A number of self-report studies have found that males are more likely than females to admit to offences
      • Women are significantly less likely than men to commit crime
        • Men are three times more likely to be taken to court and to be convicted of offences, as well as more than five times more likely to be arrested
      • The highest proportion of female offenders were fraudsters (24.2%) and the lowest were for sexual offences (1.4%)
    • Gender and victimisation
      • Women are slightly less likely than men to be victims of personal crimes
    • Gender bias in criminal justice and chivalry thesis
      • Hidden female offenders
        • Otto Pollak
          • Official statistics grossly underestimated female offending because women are naturally more skilled at deceiving people
            • Heidensohn
              • It is nothing more than male bias based on a stereotypical view of women
      • The chivalry thesis
        • Evidence against the chivalry thesis
          • Kate Steward
            • Whether people are given bail or remanded in custody can almost entirely be explained by the seriousness of the crime
          • Carol Hedderman
            • The rates of imprisonment for women has been increasing
        • Haralambos and Holborn
          • Women are more likely than men to be given cautions instead of being prosecuted
          • Women are slightly more likely than men to be given a pre-court sanction
          • Women are less likely to be sent to prison
      • Bias against women
        • Sandra Walklate
          • In **** trials, women's complaints are often not taken seriously
        • Louise Westmarland
          • Women who are trafficked to become sex workers are often treated with hostility by the authorities
      • Doube standards in the criminal justice system
        • Heidensohn
          • Women are treated particularly badly when they deviate from behaviour associated with femininty
    • Explaining female conformity and criminality
      • Biological explanations
        • Dalton
          • Hormonal or menstrual factors can influence a minority of women to commit crime in certain circumstqances
        • Tim Newburn
          • There is nothing in a woman's nature that stops them being criminal
      • Sex-role theory
        • Albert Cohen
          • Delinquency was mainly carried out by males because females have an active role in socialisation
      • The changing role or liberationist perspective
        • Adler
          • The increasing rates of female crime is due to their freedom from traditional roles
        • Denscombe
          • Females are as likely as males to engage in risk-taking behaviour
    • Feminist perspectives on women and crime
      • Heidensohn: radical feminism and social control
        • Three settings where there is greater control over women than men
          • Control at home
          • Control in public
          • Control at work
        • Hagan
          • There is significantly greater informal control of a daughter's life than a son's
    • Explaining male crime: male roles and masculinity
      • Messerschmidt and normative masculinity
        • A 'normative masculinity' exists in society and is valued by most men
        • Tony Jefferson
          • Fails to explain why certain men commit crime whilst others don't
      • Masculinity and the thrill of crime
        • Jack Katz
          • Studies of masculinity rightly emphasise the importance of status, success and control over others by men

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