Gender and crime
- Created by: 11pyoung
- Created on: 13-04-18 16:01
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- Gender and crime
- Gender differences in offending rates
- Self-report studies
- Newburn
- A number of self-report studies have found that males are more likely than females to admit to offences
- Newburn
- Women are significantly less likely than men to commit crime
- Men are three times more likely to be taken to court and to be convicted of offences, as well as more than five times more likely to be arrested
- The highest proportion of female offenders were fraudsters (24.2%) and the lowest were for sexual offences (1.4%)
- Self-report studies
- Gender and victimisation
- Women are slightly less likely than men to be victims of personal crimes
- Gender bias in criminal justice and chivalry thesis
- Hidden female offenders
- Otto Pollak
- Official statistics grossly underestimated female offending because women are naturally more skilled at deceiving people
- Heidensohn
- It is nothing more than male bias based on a stereotypical view of women
- Heidensohn
- Official statistics grossly underestimated female offending because women are naturally more skilled at deceiving people
- Otto Pollak
- The chivalry thesis
- Evidence against the chivalry thesis
- Kate Steward
- Whether people are given bail or remanded in custody can almost entirely be explained by the seriousness of the crime
- Carol Hedderman
- The rates of imprisonment for women has been increasing
- Kate Steward
- Haralambos and Holborn
- Women are more likely than men to be given cautions instead of being prosecuted
- Women are slightly more likely than men to be given a pre-court sanction
- Women are less likely to be sent to prison
- Evidence against the chivalry thesis
- Bias against women
- Sandra Walklate
- In **** trials, women's complaints are often not taken seriously
- Louise Westmarland
- Women who are trafficked to become sex workers are often treated with hostility by the authorities
- Sandra Walklate
- Doube standards in the criminal justice system
- Heidensohn
- Women are treated particularly badly when they deviate from behaviour associated with femininty
- Heidensohn
- Hidden female offenders
- Explaining female conformity and criminality
- Biological explanations
- Dalton
- Hormonal or menstrual factors can influence a minority of women to commit crime in certain circumstqances
- Tim Newburn
- There is nothing in a woman's nature that stops them being criminal
- Dalton
- Sex-role theory
- Albert Cohen
- Delinquency was mainly carried out by males because females have an active role in socialisation
- Albert Cohen
- The changing role or liberationist perspective
- Adler
- The increasing rates of female crime is due to their freedom from traditional roles
- Denscombe
- Females are as likely as males to engage in risk-taking behaviour
- Adler
- Biological explanations
- Feminist perspectives on women and crime
- Heidensohn: radical feminism and social control
- Three settings where there is greater control over women than men
- Control at home
- Control in public
- Control at work
- Hagan
- There is significantly greater informal control of a daughter's life than a son's
- Three settings where there is greater control over women than men
- Heidensohn: radical feminism and social control
- Explaining male crime: male roles and masculinity
- Messerschmidt and normative masculinity
- A 'normative masculinity' exists in society and is valued by most men
- Tony Jefferson
- Fails to explain why certain men commit crime whilst others don't
- Masculinity and the thrill of crime
- Jack Katz
- Studies of masculinity rightly emphasise the importance of status, success and control over others by men
- Jack Katz
- Messerschmidt and normative masculinity
- Gender differences in offending rates
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