Gender and Language Representation

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  • Gender
    • Difference within Gender
      • Deborah Cameron The Myth of Mars and Venus (2007)
        • Said it is assumed that men and women speaking differently is fact, rather than being treated as a hypothesis
        • The differences are mainly a miscommunication between the sexes causing problems in heterosexual relationships
        • Men's language is not competative
        • All women are not more verbally skilled than men
      • Geoffrey Beattie
        • Investigated 557 mixed gender conversations
        • Found men and women interrupted a similar amount
    • Difference between Gender
      • Lakoff Women's Language (1975)
        • Women speak in a submissive way
        • Hedging
        • Tag questions
        • Apologise
        • Super polite forms
        • Empty adjectives
      • Janet Holmes
        • Investigated tag questions
          • Women use tag questions more than men
        • 1. Referential tag questions
          • Used for factual uncertainty
      • Deborah Tannen You Just Don't Understand (1992)
        • Difference Model
          • Men 1.Problem Solving 2.Status 3.Independence 4.Report 5.Lecturing 6.Oppositional
          • Women 1.Sympathy 2.Connection 3.Intimacy 4.Rapport 5.Listening 6.Supportive
        • Found six diffrences in the way men and women use language
      • Zimmermen and West
        • Investigated 55 mixed gender conversations
        • Found men interrupted 46 times and Women 2 times

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