GCSE BIOLOGY - ORGANISATION - functions of the parts of the digestive system
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- Created on: 24-10-18 22:14
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- GCSE BIOLOGY ORGANISATION - functions of the parts of the digestive system
- salivary glands
- in your cheeks
- produces saliva
- lubricates food as it passes along the oesophagus
- contains amylase that begins to break down carbs into sugars
- oesophagus
- short tube which connects the mouth to the stomach
- stomach
- about the size of a fist
- ridges that allow it to increase in size when you eat
- food is mixed with stomach acid to kill any pathogens
- stomach acid DOES NOT break down food
- protease enzymes are mixed with food to begin the breakdown of proteins
- about the size of a fist
- liver
- food DOES NOT pass through the liver
- produces bile which breaks down fats into smaller sections
- this process is called emulsification
- increases surface area to allow lipase enzymes to work more effectively
- this process is called emulsification
- gall bladder
- food DOES NOT pass through it
- bile is stored in the gal bladder before being released into the small intestine
- pancreas
- food DOES NOT pass through the pancreas
- produces carbohydrase, protease and lipase enzymes and releases them into the small intestine
- small intestine
- digested food is absorbed into the blood stream in the small intestine
- about 6 metres long
- surface has millions of tiny figure like projections called villi
- villi increase the surface area to allow more nutrients to be absorbed into the blood
- food is pushed through the small intestine by a process called peristalsis
- rhythmical contraction and relaxation of muscles in the lining of the small intestine
- this movement forces lumps of food along it
- rhythmical contraction and relaxation of muscles in the lining of the small intestine
- large intestine
- all that is left of food when it leaves the small intestine is water and fibre that you cannot digest
- the large intestine absorbs water from this food
- this leaves fibre which forms solid waste (faeces)
- the large intestine absorbs water from this food
- all that is left of food when it leaves the small intestine is water and fibre that you cannot digest
- anus
- opening which controls when you release faeces
- salivary glands
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