Gas exchange system
- Created by: Bellaboo1424
- Created on: 26-04-21 18:17
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- Exchange Surfaces
- INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION
- 1. Diaphragm contracts
- INSP.
- 2.External intercostal muscles contract
- 3. Thorax volume increases
- 4. Pressure decreases
- 5. Air moves in
- EXP.
- 1. Diaphragm relaxes
- 2. External intercostal muscles relax
- 3. Thorax volume decreases
- 4. Pressure increases
- 5. Air moves out
- Requires alot of energy
- 1. Diaphragm contracts
- HUMAN GASEOUS EXCHANGE SYSTEM
- ALVEOLI
- Large SA
- Single epithelium cell thick
- Good blood supply maintains conc grad
- Good ventilation maintains conc grad
- BRONCHI AND BRONCHUS
- No cartilage but contain smooth muscle allowing contraction/ relaxation
- ELASTIC RECOIL OF LUNG
- Elastic tissue allows alveoli to stretch and return to normal size
- GOBLET CELLS
- Secrete mucus into trachea and cilia waft mucus away
- TRACHEA
- Wide tube with cartilage rings prevent it from collapsing
- NASAL CAVITY
- Large SA, good blood supply and secretes mucus
- ALVEOLI
- VENTILATION
- CLOSE MOUTH
- 1. Buccal cavity vol decreases
- 2. Pressure increases
- 3. Water forced out across gill filaments
- 1. Buccal cavity volume increases
- 2. Pressure increases
- 3. Water forced out across gill filaments
- CLOSE MOUTH
- LUNG VOLUME
- TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY
- EXP RESERVE VOL
- INSP RESERVE VOL
- BREATHING RATE= BREATHS PER MIN
- RESIDUAL VOL
- VITAL CAP- VOL OF AIR MOVING IN, IN STRONGEST BREATH
- MEASURING LUNG CAPACITY
- Spirometer
- Peak Flow Meter
- Vitalograph
- GASEOUS EXCHANGE IN INSECTS
- High energy demands
- SPIRACLES
- Small openings along abdomen and thorax
- TRACHEA
- Collapsible and big so act as air resovoirs
- TRACHEOLES
- Elongated with no chitin
- Very small
- COUNTER CURRENT EXCHANGE SYSTEM
- Blood flows in one dir. and water in the other
- Gill filaments covered in gill plates = inc. SA
- Gill plates= good blood supply and thin surface = eff diff
- GILL ADAPTATION
- Rich blood supply
- Large SA for diff
- Thin layers
- Adjacent gill filaments overlap = inc. resistance to water = moves slow = inc. gaseous exchange
- INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION
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