Fundamental Ideas C1 Unit 1
- Created by: KatieHolmes99
- Created on: 10-01-15 19:30
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- Fundamental Ideas C1 Unit1
- Atomic Structure
- The nucleus of an atom is made of protons and neutrons.
- Protons have a positive charge, electrons a negative charge and neutrons are not charged.
- The atomic number (or proton number) of an element is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms.
- Elements are arranged in order of their atomic numbers in the periodic table.
- The mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
- The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
- The atoms of the unreactive noble gases (in Group 0) all have very stable arrangements of electrons.
- Electrons in atoms are in energy levels that can be represented by shells.
- Electrons in the lowest energy level are in the shell closest to the nucleus.
- Electrons occupy the lowest energy levels first.
- All the elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of electrons in their highest energy level (outer shell).
- Forming Bonds
- Compounds of metals bonded to non-metals have ionic bonds.
- The formula of an ionic compound shows the simplest ratio of ions.
- Compounds of non-metals have covalent bonds.
- The formula of a molecule shows the number of atoms in the molecule.
- Chemical Equations
- Atoms get re-arranged in chemical reactions.
- The mass of the products is equal to the mass of reactants.
- Symbol equations should always be balanced.
- Atomic Structure
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