C1 FUNDAMETAL IDEAS
- Created by: Ellie cooper
- Created on: 02-12-12 12:42
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- Fundamental ideas
- Atoms, elements and compounds
- All sustances are made from atoms
- Elements are made of only one type of atom
- Chemical symbols are used to represent atoms
- Compounds contain more than one element
- Atomic structure
- The nucleus of an atom is made of protons and neutrons
- Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge and neutrons are not charged
- The atomic numbver(or proton number) of an element is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms
- Elements are arranged in order of their atomic number in th periodic table.
- The mass number is the sum of the protons and nuetrons in the nucleus of an atom
- The arrangement of electrons in atoms
- The atoms of the unreactive noble gases(in group 0) all have very stable arrangements of electrons
- Electrons in atoms are in energy levels that can be represented by shells
- Electrons in the lowest energy level are in the shell closet to the nucleus
- Electrons occupy the lowest energy levels first
- All the elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of electrons in their highest energy level (outer shell)
- Forming bonds
- Compounds of metals bonded to non-metals have ionic bonds
- The formulaof an ionic compound shows the simplest ratio of ions
- Compounds of non-metals have covalent bonds
- The formula of a molecule shows the number of atoms in the molecule
- Chemical equations
- Atoms get re-arranged in chemical reactions
- The mass of the products is equal to the mass of reactants
- Symbol equations should always be balaced
- Atoms, elements and compounds
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