Functionalists views towards crime
- Created by: India JJ
- Created on: 13-06-18 20:26
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- Functionalist views on crime
- Durkheim- crime is inevitable as not society is diverse therefore not everyone can share the same norms and values, people form subcultures and have their own values- this causes conflict
- Punishing crime- boundary maintenance, publicly punishing offender establishes social solidarity among innocent and reinforces value consensus
- Also recognises that it allows social change as people can question the pre-existing norms e.g. homosexuality used to be a crime
- Not all crimes are useful- sex crimes have terrible effect on victim
- Merton's strain to anomie- people react differently in their attempt to achieve normlessness (mainly society's stress on money and status
- Conformity- traditionally a white middle class reaction whereby they accept the goals of society and follow legitimate pathways of achieving them
- Over anticipates working class crime
- Innovation- accept goals of society yet find new ways (sometimes criminal) of achieving them e.g. theft
- Ritualism- disregarding prescribed goals of society yet following conforming to behavioural expectations
- Retreatism- rejecting goals and legitimate forms of behaviour by being homeless or turning to drugs
- Rebellion- reject goals and replace with own in new society
- ignore the abundance of white collar crime which Snider argues is in fact more harmful to society!
- What about non-utilitarian crime e.g. freedom fighters
- if there's no such thing as a value consensus people don't feel pressured to achieve society's goals of wealth and status as they don't agree with society
- Conformity- traditionally a white middle class reaction whereby they accept the goals of society and follow legitimate pathways of achieving them
- Cohen- crime has some positive functions- safety valve e.g. prostitution relieves the tensions of family life without damaging the family structure,
- Clinard- Also warning device- sheds light on a failing institution.
- Cloward and Ohlin- 3 subcultures that youths retreat to in order to achieve status and validation.
- Criminal- cant find legitimate work but turn to complex criminal subcultures often in cities- here they find status
- Conflict-lack of legitimate and illegitimate work so turn to gangs and petty crime to find belonging
- Retreatist- fail legitimate, criminal and conflict cultures so turn to drugs and homelessness.
- Rosenfeld- this strain for wealth exists in all social classes as capitalism is constantly telling people to consume e.g occupational white collar crime is crime made by employees against the company
- Durkheim- crime is inevitable as not society is diverse therefore not everyone can share the same norms and values, people form subcultures and have their own values- this causes conflict
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