Functionalist perspective

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  • Functionalist perspective
    • structural, macro theory, consensus
    • Emile Durkhiem
      • organic analogy
        • both human body and society have interelated and interdependent parts
          • system
          • system needs
          • functions
      • value consensus
        • reinforced through education, media etc
      • social solidarity
        • intergrates individuals, sense of belonging
      • social control
        • willing to conform to norms and values of society
          • positive sanctions reward conformity, negative punish deviance
      • socialisation
        • teaches individuals to want to do what society needs them to
    • Talcott Parsons
      • The social system
        • subsustems
          • institutions, roles and norms
      • functional prerequisties
        • Goal attainment
          • society sets goals and allocates resources
            • political sub system
        • adaptation
          • meets members material needs
            • economic subsystem
        • intergration
          • parts of society must be intergrated to achieve shared goals
            • cultural and community sub system
        • latency
          • society needs to be maintained over time
            • kinship sus system
      • traditional v modern family
        • ascription- achieved
          • particularism- universalism
            • collectivist- individualist
        • structural differentiation
        • moving equilibrium
    • evaluation
      • internal
        • Robert merton
          • indispensability
            • there are functional alternatives- other insitiutuions can do the job
          • functional unity
            • functional autonomy- independence from eachother
          • universal functionism
            • functional for some, disfunctional for others
      • external
        • conflict groups
          • society isn't harmonious
          • marxists
        • action perspetives
          • determinism
          • reification
            • F- see society as a thing above humans AP- individuals have choice
        • postmoderists
          • ignores diversity and instability, no longer a meta narrative

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