Functionalist Explanations of Crime and Deviance P1
- Created by: angelapearlgriffith
- Created on: 13-05-21 17:16
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- Functionalist Explanations of Crime & Deviance PART ONE
- Durkheim
- Too much crime threatens to tear the bonds of society apart, too little crime means that society is repressing
- Crime = inevitable & universal
- BECAUSE: -Not everyone is equally effectively socialised into the shared norms and values of society
- BECAUSE: -diversity of lifestyles and values, different groups develop their own subcultures - what the members of the subculture regard as normal, mainstream culture see it as deviant
- Crime causes boundary maintenance and social change
- Boundary maintenance = unites the members in condemnation of the wrongdoer, reinforces commitment to shared norms and values.
- Untitled
- Social change = all change starts with an act of deviance
- Boundary maintenance = unites the members in condemnation of the wrongdoer, reinforces commitment to shared norms and values.
- DURKHEIM EVALUATION: doesn't say how much crime is right, crime doesnt always promote social solidarity, people will be affected differently
- Merton's Strain Theory
- deviant behaviour is a result of inability to achieve socially approved goals by legitimate means
- There was a strain between socially encouraged goals of society and legitimate means of achieving them
- American culture puts more emphasis on achieving success by any means than legitimate means
- individuals make various adaptions in response to strain
- conformist, innovator, retreatist, ritualist and rebel
- conformist - strives to achieve goals
- innovator - goal to succeed, uses illegitimate means
- retreatist - reject goals and means, dropouts
- ritualist- give up on goals but internalise legitimate means
- rebel - replace goals with own, e.g hippie
- conformist, innovator, retreatist, ritualist and rebel
- MERTON EVALUATION: why do people find it harder to achieve goals? doesn't explain non-utilitarian crime, ignores the power of the ruling class, working class = strained yet not all deviate
- Hirschi's Bonds of Attatchment (1969)
- why DON'T people commit crime?
- Four bonds of attachment that keep people closely linked to the value consensus and ensure social control and order
- attachment
- commitment
- involvement
- belief
- HIRSCHI EVALUATION: ideas on how to prevent crime, why do some people have stronger bonds of attachment and others more marginalised?
- Cohen: Status Frustration (1955)
- why do groups commit crime? why do people commit non utilitarian crime?
- working class boys fail at school = status frustration = creation of subcultures = values different norms and values i.e acting out to gain status
- COHEN EVALUATION: explains non utilitarian crime LINK to Willis' study of working class boys at school. anti-school subcultures, ear-oles = positively viewed kids
- Durkheim
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