Freshwater pond ecosystem (small scale UK ecosystem)

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  • A freshwater pond ecosystem (small scale ecosystem)
    • pond bottom
      • little oxygen or light
      • plenty of shelter (rotting plants and stones) and food
      • decomposers and scavengers live here e.g. water worms and rat-tailed maggots
    • mid-water
      • animals breathe through gills or skin e.g. stickleback fish, dragonfly nymphs
      • fish = main predators
      • food is found on the surface or in the pond
    • pond surface
      • plenty of oxygen and light here
      • animals breathe through their gills, lungs or skin
        • animals found here include ducks and tadpoles
    • pond margin
      • plenty of oxygen and light here
        • plants such as marsh marigold thrive
      • plenty of shelter for the plants and insects, for small animals (e.g. frogs) to eat
    • above the pond surface
      • birds and animals breathe oxygen
        • birds such as kingfishers and insects like dragonflies are common here
      • food is found in or on the water, or in the margins

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