CARBON - Unconventional fossil fuels and alternatives to classic FF's
- Created by: aliceoliviaaa
- Created on: 07-05-18 20:30
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- Fossil fuels: un-conventional FF's and alternatives to FF's.
- Alternatives to fossil fuels
- Renewable energy sources: HYDRO, WIND (rampion offshore Worthing), SOLAR (via photovoltaic cells), GEO-THERMAL AND TIDAL.
- Many countries may not be able to switch 100% to renewables because places may not have local energies to exploit.
- Fossil fuels may be cheaper than renewables
- can create environmental costs.
- NIMBY
- NUCLEAR - Accidents, disposing has a long decay life, only optional for developed countries with advanced technology, the costs of constructing and decommissioning stations are high. CHERNOBYL.
- Unconventional fossil fuels CANADA is the leading country to establish these.
- These are all fossil fuels so they will threaten the environment
- extraction is costly and uses technology and water
- disrupts communities and degrades residential environments
- TAR SANDS - mixture of bitumen, water, clay and sand. these must be mined then injected with steam to make tar less viscous.
- SHALE OIL - oil-bearing rocks which are permeable enough to directly allow pumping out. Extracted by mining OR igniting so fractions are pumped out
- SHALE GAS - natural gas trapped in sedimentary rocks. Fracking used to extract
- DEEPWATER OIL - oil and gas found deep underwater at considerable metres offshore. Drilling takes place from ocean rigs, GULF OF MEXICO and BRAZIL.
- BIOFUELS
- Derived directly from organic matter, such as crops, forestry or fishery (or commercial waste) BIOMASS.
- Wheat, corn, sugar cane, grass, soy beans (UK- **** Seed and Sugar Beet)..
- Are converted into biodiesel or ethanol for use of vehicle fuel.
- Uncertain of how carbon-neutral biofuels are, and they take up a lot of space where crops for starving world could be grown.
- BRAZIL - 90% of cars sold in brazil have flex-fuel engines which can take petrol and ethanol, thus reducing carbon emissions.
- displacement of other types of agriculture (cattle rearing). also, clearance of the tropical rainforest in the Amazon Basin nullifies the reduction of C emissions.
- Un-conventional ff's means: obtained through techniques other than traditional extraction
- Alternatives to fossil fuels
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