Fossil Fuels: New Technologies
- Created by: FenellaMae
- Created on: 13-11-19 08:12
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- New Technologies: Fossil Fuels
- Coal
- Coal Gasification
- underground coal combusted under controlled conditions
- produces gaseous fuel like H2 CO2 CH4
- Coal Liquefaction
- direct conversion into liquid: use solvents
- indirect conversion into liquid: coal gasification then chemical changes
- more useful than solid coal - can be applied to vehicle fuels etc.
- Coal Gasification
- Gas
- Enhanced Gas Recovery
- inject CO2 or nitrogen to maintain gas flow
- Note: recovery rates are already high - 80-90%
- Methane Hydrate
- crystalline solid found in cold regions or under high pressure
- could yield more methane than conventional gas sources
- Extraction methods
- water heating - melt methane hydrate crystals to release gas
- de-pressurisation - drill into sediments to make gas dissociate from crystals
- CO2 injection - this gas displaces the methane and could be potential for a CCS scheme
- Enhanced Gas Recovery
- Oil
- Oil Recovery Techniques
- Secondary
- pumping water or nat. gas to increase pressure to force oil up
- 40% recovered
- pumping water or nat. gas to increase pressure to force oil up
- Primary
- natural pressure of water forces oil up the well
- 20% recovered
- natural pressure of water forces oil up the well
- Tertiary/ Enhanced
- techniques reduce viscosity of oil (increase flow)
- methods include: bacterial digestion, solvents, steam, controlled combustion
- 60% recovered
- methods include: bacterial digestion, solvents, steam, controlled combustion
- techniques reduce viscosity of oil (increase flow)
- Secondary
- Directional Drilling
- drilling does not have to be linear
- many wells from one platform; drill under more areas; follow weaker rock
- drilling does not have to be linear
- Subsea Production Wells
- no platform on the sea surface, operate up to 2000m deep
- ROVs and AUVs
- carry out automated seabed surveys
- inspect underwater production and pipelines - reduce oil leaks
- carry out automated seabed surveys
- Fracking
- high pressure opens fissures to release tight oil and gas
- increase recovery rate by using solvents and water
- problems include: contaminate aquifers, chemical pollution, earthquakes, water requirement
- increase recovery rate by using solvents and water
- high pressure opens fissures to release tight oil and gas
- Tar Sands & Oil Shales
- unconventional oil is produced - quarry using large excavators or use steam or solvent injection
- Oil Recovery Techniques
- Coal
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