Forgetting
- Created by: Betsy_2018
- Created on: 07-05-17 15:26
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- Forgetting
- Interference
- Retroactive interference is when you forget prior knowledge (new interferes with old)
- Proactive interference is when old information interferes with new information
- Ceraso said it is not a lack of availability, just a lack of accessibility
- Burke and Skull did an experiment in which participants read lots of adverts; some remembered the first ones better and some remembered the later ones better
- Interference was worse if the adverts were similar (acoustic coding)
- Postman gave 2 groups a list of words; one group got 2 lists and experienced retroactive interference
- Interference is not very common in everyday life
- Retrieval Failure
- Encoding Specificity Principle (Tulving)
- Memory is at its best when information present at the time of coding is present at time of retrieval
- Cue needs to be identical or similar to the original cue
- Emotions, environment, smells, tastes, sensations
- Tulving and Pearlstone: participants had to remember a list of words. With cues, recall was at 60% and without, it fell to 40%
- Nairne claimed that retrieval failure and cues is correlation, not causation
- Context-Dependent Forgetting: when you are not in the same environment type as when you learned the information
- Godden and Baddeley: Scuba divers remembered words better when they recalled them underwater - where they had learned them; those out of context recalled 40% less
- The retest was for recognition instead of recall and being in or out of water made no difference
- Locations in everyday life are usually not that different
- Godden and Baddeley: Scuba divers remembered words better when they recalled them underwater - where they had learned them; those out of context recalled 40% less
- State-Dependent Forgetting: when you are not in the same mental state as you were when you learned the information
- Goodwin: gave drunk and sober people lists of words to remember, those in the same state 24hrs later remembered the best
- State and context sometimes overlap or are not clear (e.g is it the being drunk or the act of drinking that made you remember?)
- Encoding Specificity Principle (Tulving)
- Decay
- Can happen to any type of memory
- Refers to a physiological body part decaying e.g neurons, brain etc
- K.F could not recall words rehearsed verbally due to his brain damage
- H.M and Wearing could not transfer STM to LTM, meaning memories could not be stored for long
- Displacement
- Short term memory
- Investigated by Peterson and Peterson
- Retention time of 18 seconds, during which displacement can occur
- Interference
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