Fighting Disease
- Created by: India.02
- Created on: 08-05-19 17:54
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- Fighting Disease
- Attacking Pathogens
- Most important part of immune system is white blood cells
- 1. Consume them - white blood engulf foreign cells and digest them - phagocytosis
- 2. Produce Antibodies
- Pathogen has antigens on it's surface - white blood cells detect a foreign antigen and will start to produce proteins called antibodies
- The antibodies lock onto invading cells so they can be found and destroyed by other white blood cells - they are then rapidly carried around the body to find similar bacteria or viruses
- If infected, the white blood cells will rapidly reproduce the antibodies
- 3. Producing Antitoxins
- Toxins that counteract those produced by the invading bacteria
- Vaccination
- Injects small amounts of dead or inactive pathogens that carry their antigens - body will then produce antibodies to attack them
- If pathogen of the same type reappears the white blood cells can rapidly mass-produce antibodies to kill the pathogen
- Pros
- Vaccines help control many communicable diseases
- Big outbreaks of disease (epidemic) can be prevented if a large amount of the population is vaccinated - people who aren't vaccinated are less likely to catch it
- If lots of people aren't vaccinated the disease can spread rapidly and many people will be ill at the same time
- Big outbreaks of disease (epidemic) can be prevented if a large amount of the population is vaccinated - people who aren't vaccinated are less likely to catch it
- Vaccines help control many communicable diseases
- Cons
- Vaccines don't always work - people aren't always immune
- You can have a bad reaction to a vaccine - swelling, fever, seizures - bad reactions are rare
- Vaccines don't always work - people aren't always immune
- Drugs
- Antibiotic Resistance
- When you treat the bacteria only the non-resistant strains will survive - they will reproduce and the population of the resistant strain increases
- Resistant strain could cause a serious infection that can't be treated by antibiotics
- MRSA causes serious wound infections and is resistant to the powerful antibiotic meticillin
- The avoid the increase in resistance - avoid over-prescribing and you must finish the whole course
- Resistant strain could cause a serious infection that can't be treated by antibiotics
- When you treat the bacteria only the non-resistant strains will survive - they will reproduce and the population of the resistant strain increases
- Painkillers only relieve the pain but they don't kill the pathogen or cause of disease
- Antibiotics kill the bacteria without harming your body cells - don't destroy viruses because they reproduce using your own body cells - difficult to develop drugs that kill virus and not the cells that hose it
- Plants
- Aspirin is a painkiller that lowers fever - willow
- Digitalis treats heart conditions - developed from chemical found in foxgloves
- Chemicals produced by plants to defend themselves against pests or pathogens
- Digitalis treats heart conditions - developed from chemical found in foxgloves
- Digitalis treats heart conditions - developed from chemical found in foxgloves
- Chemicals produced by plants to defend themselves against pests or pathogens
- Alexander Fleming found that the mould on a Petri dish produced a substance that killed some bacteria - penicillin
- Extracted from micro-organisms
- Present day - drugs made on large scale in pharma-ceutical industry - process may still start with a chemical extracted from a plant
- Aspirin is a painkiller that lowers fever - willow
- Antibiotic Resistance
- Attacking Pathogens
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