fighting disease
- Created by: Hannahisnotonfire
- Created on: 29-04-17 12:32
View mindmap
- fighting disease
- vaccination
- inject small amounts of dead or inactive (weakened) pathogen
- MMR vaccination prevents measles, mumps and rubella
- carry antigens which cause body to produce antibodies to attack them.
- If live organisms appear of the same type of pathogen the white blood cells will rapidly mass produce antibodies to kill pathogen. As white blood cells remember antigens.
- causes artificial immunity
- some wear off so booster vaccinations needed to increase levels of antibodies
- pros:
- help prevent infectious diseases than were once common e.g. small pox doesn't occur and polio infectious have been reduced by 99%
- epidemics can be prevented if large amount of population vaccinated. Means people who aren't vaccinated are unlikely to catch disease as there are fewer people to pass it on.
- but if large number aren't vaccinated disease will spread quickly.
- cons:
- don't always work- don't always give immunity
- can have bad reaction e.g. swelling, fevers, seizures. Bad reactions are very rare.
- inject small amounts of dead or inactive (weakened) pathogen
- painkillers
- drugs that relieve pain but don't tackle underlying cause- only reduce symptoms.
- aspirin
- other drugs also do similar thing by relieving symptoms. E.g. many cold remedies don't actually cure colds
- Antibiotics
- penicillin
- Alexander Fleming in 1928
- kill or prevent growth of bacteria causing problem without killing body cells
- different antibiotics kill different types of bacteria
- don't destroy viruses as viruses reproduce using body cells so hard to kill virus without killing body cell.
- penicillin
- resistance
- pathogens (particularly viruses) mutate- causes them to become resistant.
- very few people immune to changed pathogens to spread very quickly
- vaccinations might not work on resistant strain, cause serious infection that cant be treated by antibiotics
- MRSA- super bug, cause serious wound infections and is resistant to methicillin- very powerful antibiotic
- resistant strains of bacteria can rapidly spread across population as not immune.
- epidemic- diseases spread within country
- pandemic- across countries
- epidemic- diseases spread within country
- vaccinations might not work on resistant strain, cause serious infection that cant be treated by antibiotics
- if have infection some bacteria may become resistant, meaning only non resistant strain killed. Resistant strain survive and reproduce so population increases- natural selection.
- very few people immune to changed pathogens to spread very quickly
- pathogens (particularly viruses) mutate- causes them to become resistant.
- antibiotic resistance- increasing
- death rate from infectious bacterial diseases fallen rapidly in recent years due to antibiotics
- new antibiotics need to be developed that are effective against resistant strains
- reduce use of antibiotics for mild infections to slow down development
- new antibiotics need to be developed that are effective against resistant strains
- overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics increases likely-hood of people being infected by resistant strains
- death rate from infectious bacterial diseases fallen rapidly in recent years due to antibiotics
- vaccination
Comments
No comments have yet been made