Fighting Disease
- Created by: 12eyoung
- Created on: 04-04-17 19:48
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- Fighting Disease
- Defence System
- Tries to prevent micro-organisms getting into the body through cuts.
- Small fragments of cells (Platelets) help blood clot.
- If a micro-organism gets in to your body, your immune system kicks in --> white blood cells patrol for microbes.
- If they find an invading microbe the white blood cells attack it.
- Consuming microbes
- White blood cells can engulf foreign cells and digest them
- Producing antibodies
- Every invading cell has unique antigens. So when the white blood cells discover an antigen (they do not recognise) --> they produce proteins (antibodies) to kill invading cell.
- Antibodies are specific to a type of antigen
- Antibodies are produced rapidly and carried around body to kill all similar bacteria and viruses.
- Producing antitoxins
- Counteract toxins produced by invading bacteria
- Tries to prevent micro-organisms getting into the body through cuts.
- Bacteria and Antibiotics
- They can mutate --> which causes them to become resistant (not killed by) an antibiotic.
- Only non-resistant strains of bacteria will be killed.
- Individual resistant bacteria will survive and reproduce
- The population of resistant strains will increase --> NATURAL SELECTION.
- This can cause serious infection that can't be treated by antibiotics e.g. MRSA (resistant to methicillin).
- Individual resistant bacteria will survive and reproduce
- Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics
- Slowing down the rate of development of resistant strains
- Important that doctors avoid over-prescribing antibiotics
- Antibiotic Resistance
- Bacteria evolve antibiotic resistance.
- People infected with these bacteria can't get rid of them easily
- Forces drug companies to make a new antibiotic that are effective against resistant strains.
- People infected with these bacteria can't get rid of them easily
- Bacteria evolve antibiotic resistance.
- Fighting Disease - Past & Future
- Ignaz Semmelweis
- Worked in 1840's where women were dying in huge numbers after childbirth.
- Reduced deaths by using antiseptics.
- Believed that doctors were spreading disease through their unwashed hands
- Doctors using an antiseptic solution cut death rates from 12% to 2%. As it killed bacteria on their hands.
- Nowadays, basic hygiene is important.
- Ignaz Semmelweis
- Vaccinations
- Vaccinations - protects you from future infections.
- New micro-organism takes white blood cells a few days to learn how to produce antibodies for a particular antigen
- Involves injecting a small amount of dead or inactive micro-organisms (which carry antigens) --> causes body to produce antibodies to attack them.
- If same type of micro-organism appears later on --> white blood cells can rapidly mass-produce antibodies to kill of the pathogen.
- Involves injecting a small amount of dead or inactive micro-organisms (which carry antigens) --> causes body to produce antibodies to attack them.
- New micro-organism takes white blood cells a few days to learn how to produce antibodies for a particular antigen
- Booster injections --> increase levels of antibodies
- Vaccinations - protects you from future infections.
- Defence System
- Antibodies are specific to a type of antigen
- Antibodies are produced rapidly and carried around body to kill all similar bacteria and viruses.
- If a person is infected with the same pathogen, white blood cells will produce antibodies quicker to kill pathogen.
- Person is naturally immune --> won't get ill.
- Vaccinations - protects you from future infections.
- New micro-organism takes white blood cells a few days to learn how to produce antibodies for a particular antigen
- Involves injecting a small amount of dead or inactive micro-organisms (which carry antigens) --> causes body to produce antibodies to attack them.
- If same type of micro-organism appears later on --> white blood cells can rapidly mass-produce antibodies to kill of the pathogen.
- Involves injecting a small amount of dead or inactive micro-organisms (which carry antigens) --> causes body to produce antibodies to attack them.
- New micro-organism takes white blood cells a few days to learn how to produce antibodies for a particular antigen
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