gcse textiles fabrics fibres and construction

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  • Created by: rebecca
  • Created on: 20-05-13 17:43
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  • Fibres, yarns and fabrics
    • fibre spun into
      • yarn
        • woven, knitted bonded into fabric
      • natural synthetic and regenerated
        • natural
          • animal wool silk angora cashmere alpaca
          • plant: jute, hemp, linen, cotton
        • synthetic: acrylic, pvc, polyeter nylon Tactel elastomeric
        • regenerated: viscose, tencel, cupro, modal, lyocell, acetate
      • spinning
        • worsted smooth
        • woollen hairy
    • weaving
      • fray easily, strongest along grain, not elastic, closer weave means stronger and firmer
      • plain
        • selvedge
        • bias
        • lots of variations
        • strong
        • hardwearing
        • fashion and furnishing fabrics
      • twill
        • over 2 under 2  weft moves over warp thread each time
        • forms diagonal pattern
        • strong
        • drapes well
        • jeans uniforms jackets
      • satin
        • warp over 1 under 3, weft over three under 1
        • weft lies on surface
        • weakest
        • shiny
        • snags
        • usedto produce polyester satin
        • strong warp-wise
        • drapes well
    • knitted
      • made from yarn
      • series of interlocking loops
      • elastic
      • warm
      • can be napped or brushed
      • weft knitted , horizontal rows of interlocking loops
        • hand or machine
        • ladders
        • stretches
        • comfortable
        • socks jumpers t shirts
      • warp knitted
        • vertical columns
        • less elastic
        • firmer
        • used for swimwear underwear geotextiles
    • non woven
      • wool felts
        • fibres matted together
        • animal hair or wool
        • fibre web squashes together with moisture a machine and heat
        • fibres become tangles
        • used for hats jackets and slippers
      • needle felts
        • fibres tangled and interlocked as are passed through lots of barbed needles dragging the fibres up and down forwards na backwards tangling the fibres
      • laminated fabrics
        • fabrics bonded for extra properties
        • can be made waterproof and breathable
        • gortex and sympatex
      • bonded fabrics
        • adhesive, solvent or lines of stitching uses to bond fibres together
        • disposable fabrics , cleaning fabrics medical masks
        • interfacing and stiffening
      • raw fibres using chemicals to mat, heat to bong or stitching
      • no grain , don't stretch or fray not as strong and are permeable
      • can be moulded made from rectycled fibres, cheap, weaker when wet, easily pill

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