Feminism

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  • Created by: 11pyoung
  • Created on: 22-04-18 17:51
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  • Feminism
    • The Waves of feminism
      • 1st Wave- as early as 1792
      • 2nd Wave- 1960s
      • 3rd wave- 1990's
    • Feminism and sociology
      • The basic characteristics of feminist theory
        • Conflict theory
        • Most existing and historical societies are patriarchal
      • Sex and gender
        • Sex
          • Biological differences between men and women
        • Gender
          • The beliefs about what it means to be 'masculine' or 'feminine'
          • Gender is cultural
      • Feminism and the critique of sociology
        • Most mainstream sociology has a masculine bias
    • Feminist perspectives
      • Radical feminism
        • Firestone and bioogy
          • Shulamith Firestone
            • There is a sexual class system resulting from the biological family
              • Only way to stop this is by abolishing pregnancy through artificial wombs
        • Kate millet: multiple sources of oppression
          • Ideological factors, biology, sociological factors, educational and economic inequalities, religion, male violence and psychology work together to keep women disadvantaged
        • Evaluation
          • Underestimates the extent to which women have become less oppressed
        • Improvements in the position of women are superficial
      • Marxist and socialist feminsim
        • The main features of Marxist and socialist feminism
          • Capitalism is the main factor for female oppression
          • Frederick Engels
            • Gender inequality has a base in materialism
          • Christina Delphy and Diana Leopard
            • The exploitation of women within the family is important to the patriarchy being maintained
          • Fran Ansley
            • Women absorb the frustrations of men because of their exploitation and alienation at work
          • Sharon Smith
            • Women produce a workforce at no cost to capitalism
          • Benston
            • Women are used as a 'reserve army of labour'
        • Evaluation
          • Underplay the significance of non-material causes of inequality stemming from culture and differences between women
      • Liberal feminsim
        • The key ideas of liberal feminsm
          • Seeks reforms rather than revolution
          • Betty Friedan
            • Socialisation into distinct gender roles, and dominant cultural ideas about masculinity and femininity, which was perpetuated in the education system, work and the mass media, all contributed to the subordination of women
        • The influence of liberal feminism
          • Natasha Walter
            • Women still tend to suffer from problems such as low pay, lack of affordable childcare, the dual burden of paid employment and domestic labour, poverty and domestic and sexual violence
        • Evaluation
          • Germaine Greer
            • Women have not truly been liberated, and liberation will only occur when women do not have to be like men
      • Black Feminism
        • The main features of Black feminism
          • Regard other types of feminism as ethnocentric
          • Gloria Jean Watkins
            • The legacy of slavery has given Black women a unique insight into the nature of  oppression
          • Heidi Safia Mirza
            • Black feminism challenges the assumption that Black British women are passive victims of racism, patriarchy and class inequality
        • Evaluation
          • Highlights the value of drawing on the experiences of oppressed women
          • Emphasises one difference between women at the expense of others
      • Postmodern feminism
        • The main features of postmodern feminism
          • Reject the idea that there is a single path to female liberation
          • Helene Cixous
            • Language is phallocentric
        • Evaluation
          • Sylvia Walby
            • Neglects the degree to which the experience of oppression gives women shared interests
    • The contribution of feminism to sociology
      • Highlighted the problems of malestream sociology
      • Highlighted the oppression of women
      • Anna Pollert
        • The idea o the patriarchy usually involves a circular argument

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