Sociology- FAMILY Revision
I hope this is of some use, not completed yet but will aim to complete it by Tuesday.
Jasper :)
- Created by: Irammm
- Created on: 10-05-13 20:22
View mindmap
- FAMILY
- Changes in the British Family:
- less extended families, more nuclear families.
- Families over the years have become more symetrical
- more child centered & smaller than before
- emergence of lone parent families
- Roles/ functions of the family, & how they've changed over time.
- Reproduction
- Children were the main reason for marriage
- to increase family work force and the amount of profit made
- Children were viewed as parents pension policy (they would look after parents
- to increase family work force and the amount of profit made
- Change: number of children being born outside marriage is increasing
- Society= secularization(less religious, society's views have changed
- less pressure from older relatives to keep 'moral standard' also resulted in decrease of extended families
- Welfare state, women can support child without family
- Children were the main reason for marriage
- Education
- Many children from Working class back-grounds would be poorly educated by today's standards as education had to be paid for.
- Change: free & compulsory education up to 16, family does have a major impact on child's achievements
- Many children from Working class back-grounds would be poorly educated by today's standards as education had to be paid for.
- Income/ Work
- children would learn to trade, or go into service as servants
- Change: skills are now learnt in school & at place of work
- Primary socialization & social control of children
- First place where kids learn how to behave, whats acceptable & not in society
- Change: playgroups & education system (family still responsible for the very young but is now changing)
- Help & care for the young, sick & elderly
- Change: NHS is free, social services available, also the Welfare State provides benefits/ pensions for old peoples homes if family are unable to.
- Reproduction
- What is the role of the family ? Different approaches.
- MARXISTS
- Children born into rich families grow up to be rich, while poor children become poor adults
- It's through process of socialization that Working class children learn to accept this unequal position in society.
- Family=social inequality is reproduced from one generation to the next.
- Society is unfair in many aspects such as education & family.
- THE NEW RIGHT APPROACH.
- Supporters of family values are against gay relationships,sexual freedom, some sex education & often abortion.
- It's the families responsibility to care for the old, sick, unemployed or homeless family members.
- They say its the women's role to be the carer whilst the man is the breadwinner
- Nuclear family is best for children as they are more happier, healthier & do better educationally & socially than children of single parents
- New Right sociologists argue family values are declining & that the family is in crisis.
- FUNCTIONLISTS
- NUCLEAR FAMILY IS BEST FOR SOCIETY
- Children are raised by two monogamousadults
- Parents expected to be faithful to each other.
- Nuclear family is seen as a way of controlling adult sexual behaviour.
- Reproduction:society needs new kids if it is to survive
- Primary socialization its the role of family to teach kids to fit into society, (norms & values) family= informal agency of social control.
- Emotional gratification & nurture, family is to provide adults & kids with a safe, supportive, loving environment to grow up in.
- Economic provision, nuclear family is one way of providing financial support. Family members work together to provide shelter, food ect for all family members.
- NUCLEAR FAMILY IS BEST FOR SOCIETY
- FEMEMNIST
- Family is one way where men in society continue to maintain power and dominance over women
- Although biological differences exists between men & women, most differences are created by society
- Primary socialization
- Boys & girls are taught to behave according to their gender. Boys=match & tough, Girls=passive & caring
- Families are patriarchal. Males in family benefit whilst women loose out.
- Feminists say that these inequalities are unacceptable & that there should be more equality at home.
- MARXISTS
- REASONS FOR COHABITATION
- Women have become more independent & career minded
- May see marriage as restrictive
- More socially acceptable, society has become less religious (SECULARIZATION)
- Media images...
- Weddings are expensive
- Birth before marriage is now more acceptable & more common
- Cohabitation is almost a 'trial run' to see if the couple can make the marriage work .
- Cohabitation is a couple who are living together who are not married.
- Women have become more independent & career minded
- HOW CAN WE EXPLAIN THE RISE IN DIVORCE RATES?
- Higher expectations of marriage
- Media responsible for creating 'perfect' image of a marriage.
- Today=more emphasis on romantic/ equality relationship. Previously it was on security & kids.
- Today the emphasis has changed to one of companion-ship, understanding & sexual compatibility.
- Today=more emphasis on romantic/ equality relationship. Previously it was on security & kids.
- Media responsible for creating 'perfect' image of a marriage.
- Changing social attitudes
- Divorce no longer stigmatized no longer an outrage
- Divorce=more socially acceptable
- People more likely to seek a divorce rather than remain in an empty shell marriage
- The changing role of women
- 3/4 divorce petitions= women, their unhappy with marriage then men. women's expectations have risen.
- Employment in women have risen led to symmetrical family household. couples take equal conjugal roles, women not expected to be solely responsible for household.
- Women have more financial independence.
- Employment in women have risen led to symmetrical family household. couples take equal conjugal roles, women not expected to be solely responsible for household.
- 3/4 divorce petitions= women, their unhappy with marriage then men. women's expectations have risen.
- Growing Secularisation
- Decline of religious belief
- Less vows made before God, people more likely to consider breaking vows as morally wrong.
- Less religious significance is attached to the marriage.
- Changes to law, made divorce easier to obtain.
- The Divorce Law Reform Act (1969)
- Couple only needed to prove 'irretrievable breakdown' of marriage(the marriage can't be saved)
- The Divorce Law Reform Act (1969)
- Growth in Nuclear famiily
- Thee's less pressure from elders to remain married
- During marital crisis, it's less easy for couples to seek advise from older relatives who are living within the sitaution
- Increasing life expectancy
- people are living longer, more time for them to get fed up of each other!
- Higher expectations of marriage
- MECHANIZATION:
- Production of goods by machines, they take over the manual skills involved in production
- Causes of the Symmetrical Family.
- INCREASED INTEREST IN HOME LIFE
- DIY & home based leisure. Men spend more time at home & becoming more involved with the family.
- INCREASE IN MALE UMEMPLOY-MENT
- more husbands are involved in domestic tasks- housework & childcare
- RISE IN FEMENISM
- Impact on role relationships,
- equal opportunities for men & women which led to rejection of the traditional housewife role.
- Impact on role relationships,
- EFFECTCTIVE CONTRACEP-TION
- women have fewer children
- Families are planned, women have careers, financial independence & status=greater equality at home
- women have fewer children
- INCREASED INTEREST IN HOME LIFE
- TYPES OF FAMILIES, DO YOU KNOW THEM ALL ? WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF THEM?
- Reconstituted Families
- Lone parent, usually result of divorce/ separation more socially acceptable.
- Empty nest, children have grown up & left home
- Extended family: 3 generations living together [vertically extended]
- Horizontally extended: relatives of the same generation eg: two brothers, their wives & children living together
- Dual worker families
- Nuclear family, made up of man, women & their dependent children
- Same sex families
- Changes in the British Family:
- Primary socialization & social control of children
- First place where kids learn how to behave, whats acceptable & not in society
- Change: playgroups & education system (family still responsible for the very young but is now changing)
- FUNCTIONLISTS
- NUCLEAR FAMILY IS BEST FOR SOCIETY
- Children are raised by two monogamousadults
- Parents expected to be faithful to each other.
- Nuclear family is seen as a way of controlling adult sexual behaviour.
- Reproduction:society needs new kids if it is to survive
- Primary socialization its the role of family to teach kids to fit into society, (norms & values) family= informal agency of social control.
- Emotional gratification & nurture, family is to provide adults & kids with a safe, supportive, loving environment to grow up in.
- Economic provision, nuclear family is one way of providing financial support. Family members work together to provide shelter, food ect for all family members.
- NUCLEAR FAMILY IS BEST FOR SOCIETY
- REASONS FOR COHABITATION
- Women have become more independent & career minded
- May see marriage as restrictive
- More socially acceptable, society has become less religious (SECULARIZATION)
- Media images...
- Weddings are expensive
- Birth before marriage is now more acceptable & more common
- Cohabitation is almost a 'trial run' to see if the couple can make the marriage work .
- Cohabitation is a couple who are living together who are not married.
- Women have become more independent & career minded
- EFFECTCTIVE CONTRACEP-TION
- women have fewer children
- Families are planned, women have careers, financial independence & status=greater equality at home
- women have fewer children
Comments
Report
Report