Famillies and households
- Created by: Ptv4aday
- Created on: 22-04-16 09:21
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- Families & Households
- The domestic division of Labour
- Parsons
- Instrumental & expressive roles
- The husband has the instrumental role, geared towards success at work so he can provide for the family financially
- The wife has an expressive role, geared towards primary socialisation of the children and meeting the families emotional needs. She is the homemaker
- Parsons argues that the division of labour is based on biological differences, with the woman 'naturally' suited to the nurturing role and men to that of the provider
- Instrumental & expressive roles
- Bott
- Joint conjugal roles
- Where the couple shares tasks such as housework and childcare and spend leisure time together
- Segregated conjugal roles
- Where the couple have separate roles. Male is breadwinner and female is the homemaker
- Joint conjugal roles
- Young & Willmott
- The symmetrical family
- The family takes on similar roles, although not symmetrical, are much more similar
- More common among younger couples
- See a rise of the symmetrical nuclear family as a result of major social changes that have taken place during the past century
- Change in woman's position
- Geographical mobility
- New technology
- Higher standards of living
- See a rise of the symmetrical nuclear family as a result of major social changes that have taken place during the past century
- March of progress view
- The symmetrical family
- The feminist view of housework
- Reject march of progress view. They see this inequality as stemming from the fact that the family and society are male-dominated or patriarchal
- Women occupy a subordinate and dependent role within the family and in wider society
- Ann Oakley
- Criticizes Young and Willmotts view that the family is symmetrical. The question is hardly convincing evidence of a symmetrical family.
- Found the housewife role is still the primary role
- Reject march of progress view. They see this inequality as stemming from the fact that the family and society are male-dominated or patriarchal
- Parsons
- The impact of paid work
- Gershuny
- The trends towards equality
- Wives who did not go to work did 83% of the housework and even wives who worked part-time still do 82%
- Wives who worked full-time did 73% of the housework. The longer she has been in paid work the more likely the husband does housework
- Couples whose parents had a more equal relationship were likely to share housework more equally themselves
- Gershuny explains the trend toward greater equality in term of a gradual change in values and parental role models
- Argues that the social values are gradually adapting to the fact that women are now working full time.
- Lesbians couples and gender scripts
- Dunne
- Argues that the division of labour continues because of deeply ingrained 'gender scripts'
- Expectations and norms that are set out the different gender roles men and women in heterosexual couples are expected to play
- Dunne contrasts this with the situation among lesbian couples, where gender scripts do not operate in the same way.
- Dunne found symmetry in lesbian relationships. Household tasks are not linked to specific gender scripts. This allows lesbian couples to create a more equal relationship.
- Weeks argues that same-sex relationships offer greater possibilities of equality because the division of labour is open to negotiation and agreement, and not based on patriarchal tradition
- Dunne found symmetry in lesbian relationships. Household tasks are not linked to specific gender scripts. This allows lesbian couples to create a more equal relationship.
- Dunne contrasts this with the situation among lesbian couples, where gender scripts do not operate in the same way.
- Expectations and norms that are set out the different gender roles men and women in heterosexual couples are expected to play
- Argues that the division of labour continues because of deeply ingrained 'gender scripts'
- Dunne
- The trends towards equality
- The commercialization of housework
- Housework has become commercialized - goods are services that housewives previously had to produce themselves are now mass produced
- Women working means that they can afford to buy these good and services
- The dual burden
- Feminists argue that , despite women working there is little evidence of a 'new man' who does equal share of domestic work
- They argue that women have simply acquired a dual burden of paid work and unpaid housework
- The family remain patriarchal . Men benefit from both women's earnings and from their domestic labour
- They argue that women have simply acquired a dual burden of paid work and unpaid housework
- Emotional work
- Emotional work describes work whose main feature is the management of one's own and other people's emotions
- Feminists argue that , despite women working there is little evidence of a 'new man' who does equal share of domestic work
- Gershuny
- Decision making
- Pooling - where both partners have access to income and joint responsibility.
- Allowance system - where men give their wives an allowance system out of which they have to budget to meet the family's needs, with the man retaining any surplus income for himself
- Vogler and Pahl
- Argue that the reason men are likely to take decisions is that they earn more
- Feminists argue that inequalities in decisions are not the result of inequalities in earnings. They argue that in a patriarchal society, the cultural definition of men as decision-makers is deeply ingrained in both men and women and are instilled through gender role socialisation
- Argue that the reason men are likely to take decisions is that they earn more
- Edgell
- Very important decisions (finance) made by the husband alone
- Important decisions (childrens education) made jointly or seldom by wife alone
- Less important decisions (choice of home) made by the wife
- Domestic violence
- Domestic violence does not occur randomly but follows a particular social pattern and these have social causes. The most striking of these patterns is that it is mainly violence by men against women
- Mirrlees- Black
- Most victims are women
- 99% of all incidents against women are committed by men
- Nearly one in four women has been assaulted by a partner at some point in her life and one in eight repeatedly so.
- 99% of all incidents against women are committed by men
- Most victims are women
- Dobash
- Radical feminist view - evidence of patriarchy
- The domestic division of Labour
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