Familial DNA
- Created by: AAntonianannetti
- Created on: 13-05-19 11:02
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- Based on the principle that family members share more of their DNA than more distantly related people
- Familial DNA
- Devised by the Forensic Science Service
- Has provided 188 familial searches to police investigations (2002-2011)
- Identified 41 offenders/suspects in serious crimes
- Has provided 188 familial searches to police investigations (2002-2011)
- Kinship Analysis
- As DNA is inherited from our mothers and fathers, relationships can be investigated between members of the family
- DNA markers can be used to identify 'relatedness'
- Autosomal STRs are routinely used
- The most discriminating
- mitrochondrial (mtDNA) can also be used to investigate the maternal lineage
- Less discriminating
- STRs on the Y chromosome (Y-STRs) are used to study inheritance through the paternal line
- Less discriminating
- Paternity Testing
- A medical test, to determine whether a man may be the father of particular child
- Blood test
- Buccal swabs
- Due to sensitivity of STR analysis
- As mutations can occur between generations, you need to have exclusions at 3 loci before a test is said to be negative
- If a man cannot be excluded at 3 of more loci, then we consider two hypotheses and calculate Likelihood Ratio
- Ascertains the significance of the result
- Paternity Index
- Punnett Square
- used to determine the possible genotypes
- Ascertains the significance of the result
- If a man cannot be excluded at 3 of more loci, then we consider two hypotheses and calculate Likelihood Ratio
- A medical test, to determine whether a man may be the father of particular child
- Autosomal STRs are routinely used
- DNA profiling can assist in testing for possible paternity, sibling ship and other relationships
- DNA markers can be used to identify 'relatedness'
- Limitations
- As the genetic distance between relatives increases (half siblings), the evidential strength of kinship analysis decreases
- reliant upon availability of close relatives
- Are they on the database?
- If a mutation occurs, then it may result in an apparent inconsistency with Mendelian inheritance
- Uses
- Incest cases
- Paternity cases
- Missing persons
- Mass disasters
- As DNA is inherited from our mothers and fathers, relationships can be investigated between members of the family
- Examples
- Golden State Killer
- Uathorities used DNA profiles from an ancestry site to help them find matches
- Craig Harman
- Harman threw a brick into the car window of Michael Little. Little died of a heart attack. Blood was found on the brick and was use for familial searching.
- Gladys Godfrey
- Godfrey was murdered in 2002 - DNA samples were run on the NDNAD in order to find close matches
- Golden State Killer
- Identification of human remains
- DVI
- Often remains are unrecognisable for identification purposes
- World Trade Center Attacks (2001)
- DVI
- Devised by the Forensic Science Service
- Ability to use a database to identify a suspect
- Used when there is not a full DNA profile match between the crime scene sample and NDNAD sample
- A match is achieved at 15 or more alleles
- Used when there is not a full DNA profile match between the crime scene sample and NDNAD sample
- Children
- Parents
- Siblings
- Familial DNA
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