Factors Affecting Obedience
- Created by: ashleighclifford
- Created on: 31-03-19 12:28
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- Factors Affecting Obedience
- Gender Factors
- Hofling 1966
- USA study on female nurses who received phone calls from new doctor on shift (Dr Smith
- Asked if she could administer 10mg of Astrogen so could take affect before his round
- Clearly stated 10mg = max dose
- Asked if she could administer 10mg of Astrogen so could take affect before his round
- 95% of nurses about to before being stopped & questioned by researcher
- USA study on female nurses who received phone calls from new doctor on shift (Dr Smith
- Hofling 1966
- Cultural Factors
- Miranda et al 1981
- 90% of students in Spain likely to bey in the repeat of Milgram's study - only 50% of male participants obeyed in UK
- Individualistic cultures
- E.g. American & British
- More concerned with individual success, stress needs of individuals rather than whole group - seen as independent & autonomous people
- Collectivist cultures
- E.g. China & Japan
- Group decision making is highly valued - emphasise group needs- relationships & interconnectedness between members play role in each persons identity
- Smith & Bond 1998
- People who belong to individualistic cultures more likely to behave independently than those from collectivist cultures
- Tajfel 1970
- Wanted to find out if prejudice could still occur in absence of competition or history
- 64 boys, aged 14/15 years from Bristol
- Groups of 8 all in same form
- Shown dots & had to estimate number of dots - told were in groups based on accuracy of prediction (even though chose randomly)
- Told they had to allocate money using matrix to other group - found they would allocate significantly more money to own group
- Miranda et al 1981
- Situational Factors
- French & Raven 1959
- Type of power held by an individual, determines amount of obedience shown in particular situation - 5 forms of power
- Legitimate
- Held by those in certain roles, usually authority
- Reward
- Held by those with certain resources
- Coercive
- Held by those who can punish another
- Expert
- Held by those with knowledge
- Referent
- Held by those who are able to win people over with their charm & rhetoric
- Legitimate
- Type of power held by an individual, determines amount of obedience shown in particular situation - 5 forms of power
- Sidanius & Pratto 1999
- Suggested a person is said to have high social dominance when s/he wants their own group to prevail - reject views of others
- Reasons the authority figure gives to justify people obeying an order - research shows that if you watch peer disobeying the order, then levels of obedience will be low
- Past experiences affect obedience
- Gretchen Brandt
- Refused to go past 210v as she'd lived through Nazi Germany & has seen too much pain, she didn't want to live another horrifying experience
- Gretchen Brandt
- Suggested a person is said to have high social dominance when s/he wants their own group to prevail - reject views of others
- French & Raven 1959
- Personality Factors
- Authoritarian personality
- Show obedience to authority
- Adorno et al
- Authoritarian personality characterised by excessive & blind obedience to authority & lack of tolerance to those who don't have the same respect to authority figure
- Hyman & Sheatsley 1954
- Authoritarian personality more likely to exist among those who're less educated & have lower socio-economic status
- Links to developmental approach as suggest authoritarian personality results from early socialisation
- Authoritarian personality more likely to exist among those who're less educated & have lower socio-economic status
- Blass 1991
- Found links between internal locus of control (blame themselves) & resistance to obedience in Milgrams studies - people who refused to administer electric shocks displayed strong tendencies of self-blame
- Conducted meta-analysis of 9 different studies using Milgrams procedures on male & female participants - found only 1 study in Australia produced a significant difference between male & females levels of obedience
- Authoritarian personality
- Gender Factors
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