Factors affecting eyewitness testimony
- Created by: Georgia
- Created on: 29-04-19 11:56
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- Factors affecting eyewitness testimony
- Leading questions (aim to get a desired answer)
- Loftus and Palmer (1974) More aggressive verb used resulted in higher average speed estimate
- "Smashed" verb - PPs remembered non-existent broken glass
- Loftus Pictures of a man with a red wallet, interviewers called it brown during questioning; 98% still called it red
- Lacks mundane realism; Doesn't represent real life situations
- Mostly uses lab experiments
- Standardised, controlled and easily replicated
- Mostly uses lab experiments
- Mostly uses lab experiments
- Standardised, controlled and easily replicated
- Practical applications; specially avoided in police investigations
- Special training is needed; expensive
- Loftus and Palmer (1974) More aggressive verb used resulted in higher average speed estimate
- Post-event discussion (information added to a memory after discussing)
- Gabbert (2003) Paired PPs who watched different angles of the same video, discussed event, 71% recalled info they couldn't have seen
- Can be used to create entirely false memories
- Artificial set-up as uses a video
- If real, there would be much more stress and anxiety
- High percentage proves effects of PED
- Anxiety (an unpleasant state of emotional arousal)
- Yerkes-Dodson law; Moderate anxiety generates optimum performance
- Positive effect; triggers flight or fight - enhances alertness and memory
- Yuille and Cutshall (1986) Those with higher anxiety had better recall
- Real witnesses of a real crime so high external validity
- Christianson and Hubinette (1993) Bank tellers had more accurate recall than bystanders
- Yuille and Cutshall (1986) Those with higher anxiety had better recall
- Negative effect; tunnel theory of memory and weapon focus effect
- Johnson and Scott (1976) Man carrying knife with blood and man carrying a pen covered in grease
- PPs in the first condition had worse recall
- Anxiety of weapon increases stress and reduces recall
- Johnson and Scott (1976) Man carrying knife with blood and man carrying a pen covered in grease
- Leading questions (aim to get a desired answer)
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