Chapter 8, extreme environments
Not including case studies
- Created by: RevisingNicole
- Created on: 17-05-17 08:19
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- Extreme Environments
- Adapting to extremes
- Building
- Triple glazing and very thick insulation
- roofs sloping to shed heavy snow
- Built on stilts so cold air can circulate and prevent melting
- Clothing
- Traditionally animal skin, today gloves, hats, multiple layers to prevent frost bite and hypothermia
- Energy use
- Oil and gas, renewable sources are unsuitable to polar regions
- Building
- North and South
- Arctic
- South of Antarctic circle
- Some ice-sheet covered areas, partly closed by the Arctic ocean
- Home to many indigenous communities, like Inuit and Sami
- Arctic flora and fauna
- Flora
- Coniferous forests and tundra vegetation
- Thin at top to bend in strong winds
- Shallow roots avoid permafrost
- Cone shape helps shed snow
- Polar species vulnerable to global warming
- Warmer temp alters flowering times, migrations and hibernation
- Animals rely on floating sea ice to move, this is melting
- Coniferous forests and tundra vegetation
- Flora
- animal adaptation
- Migrating in spring but leaving before winter
- Thick white fur, camouflage in snow
- animal adaptation
- Flora
- Antarctic
- North of Arctic circle
- Covered in vast ice sheets, almost no ice free land and few plants
- Governed by the Antarctic Treaty.
- No permanent population
- Polar climates
- Low precipitation, less than 50mm a year
- Often falls as snow in long winter due to sub zero temp
- Low precipitation, less than 50mm a year
- Arctic
- Unique culture
- Inuit
- Immense knowledge of Arctic animals and environment. know before anyone else is environment is changing for the worse
- Nenets
- Rocks, trees and animals as well as people have souls and spirits
- Inuit
- Adapting to hot, arid climate (Australia)
- Building
- Thick walls to keep summer heat out and winter warmth in. Flat roofs. Underground to keep cool
- Energy
- Solar panels and wind turbines
- Clothing
- Head to toe, loose fitting, light coloured. Prevents sunburn and reflects sun heat
- Transport
- Camels, can go long time without water. Light aircraft and trains, more reliable than cars
- Building
- Adapting to extremes
- How plants and animals survive
- Succulence
- Absorb large amounts of water through extensive, shallow roots. store for long period of time
- Waxy stems and leaves, almost waterproof
- Spines are toxic to animals, some camouflague
- Extreme Environments
- Adapting to extremes
- Building
- Triple glazing and very thick insulation
- roofs sloping to shed heavy snow
- Built on stilts so cold air can circulate and prevent melting
- Clothing
- Traditionally animal skin, today gloves, hats, multiple layers to prevent frost bite and hypothermia
- Energy use
- Oil and gas, renewable sources are unsuitable to polar regions
- Building
- North and South
- Arctic
- South of Antarctic circle
- Some ice-sheet covered areas, partly closed by the Arctic ocean
- Home to many indigenous communities, like Inuit and Sami
- Arctic flora and fauna
- Flora
- Coniferous forests and tundra vegetation
- Thin at top to bend in strong winds
- Shallow roots avoid permafrost
- Cone shape helps shed snow
- Polar species vulnerable to global warming
- Warmer temp alters flowering times, migrations and hibernation
- Animals rely on floating sea ice to move, this is melting
- Coniferous forests and tundra vegetation
- Flora
- animal adaptation
- Migrating in spring but leaving before winter
- Thick white fur, camouflage in snow
- animal adaptation
- Flora
- Antarctic
- North of Arctic circle
- Covered in vast ice sheets, almost no ice free land and few plants
- Governed by the Antarctic Treaty.
- No permanent population
- Polar climates
- Low precipitation, less than 50mm a year
- Often falls as snow in long winter due to sub zero temp
- Low precipitation, less than 50mm a year
- Arctic
- Unique culture
- Inuit
- Immense knowledge of Arctic animals and environment. know before anyone else is environment is changing for the worse
- Nenets
- Rocks, trees and animals as well as people have souls and spirits
- Inuit
- Adapting to hot, arid climate (Australia)
- Building
- Thick walls to keep summer heat out and winter warmth in. Flat roofs. Underground to keep cool
- Energy
- Solar panels and wind turbines
- Clothing
- Head to toe, loose fitting, light coloured. Prevents sunburn and reflects sun heat
- Transport
- Camels, can go long time without water. Light aircraft and trains, more reliable than cars
- Building
- Adapting to extremes
- Drought tolerant
- Nocturnal, shelter from daytime heat to avoid dehydration
- Deep roots, get at underground water
- Succulence
- Threatened people
- Tourism
- Aboriginal cave paintings could be easily damaged
- Plants trampled
- Resources and pollution
- Mining, mine waste, and spoil heaps can scar the landscape
- Mining uses lots of water, water pollution
- Mining, mine waste, and spoil heaps can scar the landscape
- Tourism
- Australia's deserts
- Temp rise predicted
- Droughts will become more common, reducing water supply for farmers and people
- Evaporation will increase, reducing water supply even more
- Climate change threat
- Warming Arctic
- Large areas of permafrost have melted making the ground waterlogged and unstable
- Impacts on the local economy
- Indigenous people
- Ice fishing and hunting decline as sea ice retreats
- As migration times change, breeding areas shirt. hunting will become difficult
- Oil, gas and mineral companies
- Oil exploration will become easier, increasing risk of spills. as ice retreats new exposed areas can be mined, creating new jobs
- Tourism
- Tourist season will become larger, bringing in more money
- The already fragile environment could be swamped by visitors
- Indigenous people
- Impacts on ecosystems
- beetle infestations increasing
- Caribou (important food source) grazing lands shrinking as forests spread over tundra
- Animal migration timings changed
- Warming Arctic
- Temp rise predicted
- Taking action for the future
- Agreeing to slow down climate change by cutting greenhouse gas emissions.
- This was attempted in 1997 by The Kyoto Summit. has not been successful
- Conservation farming includes multi-cropping where farmers plant several different crops in the same area of land. this reduces the risk of crop failure and has increased crop yields. if one crop fails, no one starves
- Conservbation farming: plough only where you plant crops. Moisture evaporates only from parts that have been dug. Harvesting done over the whole year.
- Conservation farming includes multi-cropping where farmers plant several different crops in the same area of land. this reduces the risk of crop failure and has increased crop yields. if one crop fails, no one starves
- Agreeing to slow down climate change by cutting greenhouse gas emissions.
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