Unit 4 - Schizophrenia
- Created by: dansapen_
- Created on: 21-10-14 22:09
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- Explanations of Schizophrenia
- Biological explanations
- Genetic factors
- Family Studies
- Gottesman: Research found that individuals are more likely to have schizophrenia if a family member is diagnosed.
- The more closely related the greater the risk.
- 2 parents: 46%. 1 parent: 13%. Sibling: 9%
- The more closely related the greater the risk.
- Gottesman: Research found that individuals are more likely to have schizophrenia if a family member is diagnosed.
- Adoption studies
- An effective way of separating out the effects of genetic factors from environmental.
- 164 adopted children whose mothers had sz. 6.7% also had sz. compared to 2% of the 197 adoptees (CG)
- The genetic liability to sz. had been decisively confirmed.
- 164 adopted children whose mothers had sz. 6.7% also had sz. compared to 2% of the 197 adoptees (CG)
- An effective way of separating out the effects of genetic factors from environmental.
- Twin studies - Joseph.
- Calculated data from twin studies prior to 2001. They showed a c.r of 40.4% for Mz and 7.4% for Dz. Recent blind studies report a lower C.r for Mz twins.
- Twin researchers argue that the validity of their research still stands, because it shows that mz twins have a higher C.R than Dz twins.
- Calculated data from twin studies prior to 2001. They showed a c.r of 40.4% for Mz and 7.4% for Dz. Recent blind studies report a lower C.r for Mz twins.
- Family Studies
- Biochemical
- Comer, 2003 - dopamine plays a key role in guiding attention, perception and thoughts
- Dopamine hypothesis: that messages from neurons containing dopamine fire too often or too easily. They have a high no.of D2 receptors
- Amphetamines - cause synapses transmitting dopamine to be flooded. Large doses cause sz. symptoms
- Antipsychotic drugs are known as "dopamine antagonists"
- Grilly, 2002 - Parkinson's disease patients who took the drug L-dopa suffered sz. symptoms
- Brain structure
- PET, MRI and Cat scans have shown that many schizophrenics have enlarged ventricles.
- The ventricles of a person w/sz. are on average 15% bigger than normal (Torrey, 202)
- Genetic factors
- Psychological explanations
- Expressed Emotion
- =communication within a family has lots of hostility, criticism & emotional over-involvement
- not the CAUSE but the COURSE
- Linzen: 4x more likely to relapse with a high EE family
- Vaughn & Leff (1976) - found a relapse rate of 51% w/high EE. 13% w/low EE. Relapse rates go up to 97% - no medication.
- =communication within a family has lots of hostility, criticism & emotional over-involvement
- Double bind
- Cognitive
- Frith: attempted to explain the onset and maintainence of +ve symptpms. Called: faulty filter model.
- Sz. people are unable to distinguish between actions that are brought about by external forces and those internally generated.
- filter between conscious and preconscious breaks down
- Sz. people are unable to distinguish between actions that are brought about by external forces and those internally generated.
- Helmsley's: based on the failure of schemas. sz. people become overloaded with sensory information.
- these abnormalities are caused by the hippo campus.
- Frith: attempted to explain the onset and maintainence of +ve symptpms. Called: faulty filter model.
- Expressed Emotion
- Biological explanations
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