explanations of schizophrenia
- Created by: Jupiter
- Created on: 04-11-14 12:38
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- Explanations of Schiz.
- Biological
- Genetic
- Cardano et al (2002) MZ twins 48% likely to develop schiz then DZ 17%
- problems:
- sample size
- many schiz dont have a family history of the disirder
- MZ twin sare not always concordant
- Tienari (1991) schiz is found in adopted children when their biological mothers have schiz
- biochemical
- DOPAMINE
- Dopamine affecting drugs such as L-dopa
- PET scans and post mortems show high D2 receptors in schizaphrenics
- Problems
- drugs don't affect everyone in the same way
- drug therapy may have caused the PET results
- Do high D2 cause schiz or does schiz cause high D2?
- neuroanatomy
- Enlarged ventricles
- Torrey (2002) ventricle 15% larger in a schiz
- patients with larger ventricles display more cognitive disturbances and poor response to anti-psychotic drugs
- problems
- not found in all schiz
- problems with cause and effect
- contradictions in research
- don't know if born with big ventricles or developed
- Genetic
- Psychosocial
- Double Bind
- Bateson '56
- contradictory messsages
- repetition causes self-deception and false sense of reality/ inability to communicate
- lots of schiz found in dysfunctional families
- X only studied after diagnosis - Retrospective
- rarely involved proper control groups
- EE
- Brown 1972
- Hostility. Criticism. Over-concern. more likely to cause relapse
- assessed by taping an interview between the patient and family
- frequency of critical comments. like/dislike toward patient. over-involvement
- X Correlational / not a defining characteristic of schiz / only one interview
- Behavioural
- role modeling
- all behaviour is learned - Bandura 1965
- child shown little reinforcement will pick up unusual behaviours or quirks
- observers react in an avoidant or negative way. Sometimes even erratically.
- The behaviour is reinforced and will deteriorate into a psychotic state.
- role modeling
- cognitive
- The knowledge that we have is faulty or skewed
- Accounts for hallucinations, delusions and paranoia
- perhaps the filtering and/or processing filter is defective
- self fulfilling prophesy (social labelling)
- Double Bind
- Biological
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