Explanations of attachment
- Created by: Lizz Griffin
- Created on: 05-05-13 13:02
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- Explanations of attachment
- Learning theory
- Based on food and Classical (pair association) and operant (learning through circumstances) conditioning
- Operant conditioning: Babies cries = painful for both. Mother cuddles (negative reinforcement for parent)
- Positive reinforcement for child, will cry to be cuddled.
- Perfect cycle and mother will carry on cuddling to stop crying
- Positive reinforcement for child, will cry to be cuddled.
- Harlows monkeys
- Shaffer and Emerson (1964): 3% with fathers and 27% joint therefore not just food
- Attachment emotionally intense. Developed on regular meetings
- Fails to provide explanation as attachment isn't just based on food
- Social learning theory
- Bandura (1977)
- 1) observation 2) imitation 3) role models
- recognises the importance of parental roles
- Doesn't explain why attachment is so intense
- recognises the importance of parental roles
- Role modelling: parents show affectionate behaviours and child imitates
- Direct instruction: teach how to reciprocate affection "give mummy a kiss"
- Social facilitation: watch and help children carry out attachment behaviours e.g play
- 1) observation 2) imitation 3) role models
- Bandura (1977)
- Evolutionary explanation (Bolwby)
- Evaluation
- Black and Shutte (2006) +ve rel with mother = trusting conforting rel with partner. +ve rel with father = reliant on partner
- Zimmerman (2000) Continuity continues when serious life events don't occur
- Hazan and shaver (1987) Secure type = lasting love. Type A = rarly found true love
- Main and Goldwyn (1984) - Earned security. develop feelings of trust
- Evaluation
- Shaffer and Emerson (1964)
- Naturalistic observation. Visited monthly. Up to 1 year and again at 18months
- Triangulation: 1) observed attachment behaviours 2) asked mothers about babies response.Rate on 4 point scale.
- FINDINGS: In keeping with stage theory
- 65% mother as first attachment. 3% father first attachment. 27% as joint attachment
- Percentages may have changed over time due to men having a greater role in up bringing
- Learning theory
- Classical conditioning: Milk = unconditioned stimulus. Relief and pleasure = unconditioned response
- Mother was neutral response becomes a conditioned response
- Mother comes to produce the same feelings, this is how attachment is formed.
- Mother was neutral response becomes a conditioned response
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