Disorders - anxiety
- Created by: meow
- Created on: 05-03-14 18:13
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- Explanations of an anxiety disorder - phobia
- Behavioural - Watson & Raynor: classical conditioning
- To see if it's possible to induce a fear
- Case study on 'Little Albert' in controlled lab conditions
- reacted violently to steel bar hit by hammer
- used to condition Albert to fear rats
- Single-subject design
- behaviours measured: his reactions to stimulus before&after conditioning
- Findings
- Appeared to show fear when presented with rats, cotton wool, rabbit, etc.
- Cried and crawled away
- Appeared to show fear when presented with rats, cotton wool, rabbit, etc.
- Biological - Ohman et al: types of phobia and biological predisposition
- To see if phobias of snakes could be more easily conditioned than phobias of faces/houses
- Lab experiment - pp's linked to a machine
- presented pictures and deliver shocks to some of them
- fear reaction measured by skin conductance
- participants
- 64 paid volunteers aged 20 - 30
- 38 females and 26 males
- psychology students University of Uppasala, Sweden
- Independent measures design with 3 conditions
- Electric shocks given after seeing snakes, houses or faces
- Results
- pp's more likely to show fear reactions to snakes that houses/faces
- suggests biological preparedness to develop phobias to objects that may cause danger
- pp's more likely to show fear reactions to snakes that houses/faces
- Cognitive - DiNardo: gerneralised anxiety disorder
- To assess whether 'excessive worry' is a symptom of GAD
- Quasi experiment covering patients attending 1 of 3 clinics in USA
- Independent measiures design
- participants with and without diagnosis of GAD
- Patients interviewed twice to assess reliability using structured interviews
- Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule
- Strucutred Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-R.
- 5-point ratng scale for symptoms such as sweating, excessive worry.
- Findings
- more patients with GAD reported excessive worry than non-patients
- GAD patients - excessive worry59.1% of day compared to 41.7% of non-GAD patients
- Conclusion
- Excessive worry (faulty thinking) found more in GAD patients
- Behavioural - Watson & Raynor: classical conditioning
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