Explanations for forgetting: studies
- Created by: c.derbyshire24
- Created on: 16-03-21 21:37
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- Explanations for forgetting: Key studies
- Context dependent forgetting
- Duncan Godden and Alan Baddeley (1975)
- Carried out a study on deep sea divers
- Participants were given a list of words to remember and recall
- four different conditions: learn on land and recall on land, learn on land and recall in water, learn in water and recall in water, learn in water and recall on land
- Accurate recall was 40% lower in non matching conditions
- The same external cues weren't available at recall so therefore lead to retrieval failure
- Accurate recall was 40% lower in non matching conditions
- four different conditions: learn on land and recall on land, learn on land and recall in water, learn in water and recall in water, learn in water and recall on land
- Evaluation:
- Limitation: every day life doesn't have as extreme differences
- Limitation: results may be due to the type of memory being tested
- Duncan Godden and Alan Baddeley (1975)
- The effects of similarity
- John McGeoch and William McDonald (1931)
- studied retroactive interference
- Participants had to learn a list of 10 words until they could recall with 100% accuracy, they then had to learn a new list of words
- 6 different types of words learnt after the original list: synonyms, antonyms,words unrelated, consonant syllables, three digit numbers, no new list - just rest
- performance on the recall test depended on the second set of words
- synonyms produced the worst recall- demonstrates recall is harder when memories are similar
- John McGeoch and William McDonald (1931)
- State dependent forgetting
- Sara Carter and Helen Cassaday (1988)
- tested the effects of different internal states by using antihistamine (hay fever tablets)
- four conditions created: learn on drug and recall on drug, learn on drug and recall without drug, learn without drug and recall without drug, learn without drug and recall on drug
- Memory recall was worse in non matching conditions
- four conditions created: learn on drug and recall on drug, learn on drug and recall without drug, learn without drug and recall without drug, learn without drug and recall on drug
- tested the effects of different internal states by using antihistamine (hay fever tablets)
- Sara Carter and Helen Cassaday (1988)
- There is no way to officially test whether something has been coded - we can only make assumptions
- Context dependent forgetting
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