Exchanging materials overview for biology
- Created by: slippers:D
- Created on: 07-04-13 15:21
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- Exchange of Materials
- Osmosis
- The movement of water
- Diffusion
- Across partially permeable membrane
- Area of high WATER concentration to an area of low WATER concentration.
- Active Transport
- Cell absorbsion
- Substances in short supply
- Absorbs across a partially permeable membrane
- Absorbs against concentration gradient
- Absorbs across a partially permeable membrane
- Ions are absorbed from dilute solutions
- Root cells absorb mineral ions from dilute solutions in the soil by active transport
- Glucose-reabsorbed by kidney tubules via active transport
- Substances in short supply
- Requires energy
- Cell absorbsion
- Sports Drinks
- Exercise=muscle respiration
- Release in energy.
- Glucose used
- Body sweats to cool down
- Sweat contains water and mineral ions
- Too much sweating leads to dehydration
- Needs to restore levels
- Sports drinks contain sugar and mineral ions
- help to rehydrate
- drink concentration matches the body fluids the drink is isotonic
- Too much sweating leads to dehydration
- Sweat contains water and mineral ions
- Exercise=muscle respiration
- Exchanging Materials in the lungs
- Exchange suraface
- Oxygen is absorbed
- Then diffuses into the capllaries
- Carbon Dioxide removed
- Removed via breathing out after diffusing out of capillaries
- Efficient Exchange surfaces:
- Large surface area
- Alveoli
- Thin walls
- Alveoli
- Thin walls
- Efficient transport system
- Blood supply in animals
- Alveoli
- Short diffusion path
- Large surface area
- Gaseous exchange surface
- Surface area increased by alveoli
- Lungs are ventilated to maintain a steep diffusion gradient
- Short diffusion path
- Surface area increased by alveoli
- Oxygen is absorbed
- Exchange suraface
- Ventilating the lungs
- Part of breathing system
- In thorax inside rib cage and above the diaphragm.
- Ventilation movement of air in and out of lungs
- Breathing in
- Intercostal muscles contract
- Rib cage up
- Diaphragm flattens
- Volume of throax increases
- Pressure in thorax decreases
- Air in
- Breathing out
- intercstal muscles contract
- Rib cage down
- Diaphragm = domed
- Thorax volume decreases
- Pressure increase air forced out
- Part of breathing system
- Artificial Breathing Aids
- Used when a person can not get enough oxgen into their blood
- Alveoli damage
- Reduced surface area so less gas exchange
- Tubes to lungs are narrowed
- Less air can move through tubes
- Paralysation
- Muscles cant move ribcage upwards and outwards
- Iron lung
- used during polio paralysitions
- Cylinder drew out air the chest moved out, a breath taken in.
- Vacuum created in cylinder
- negative pressure
- Vacuum created in cylinder
- Cylinder drew out air the chest moved out, a breath taken in.
- used during polio paralysitions
- aid that force air into lungs= positive pressure
- Bags of air= air down trachea
- The aids are easier to use as they are smaller and can be easily linked to electronic devices such as a computer for easier control and monitoration
- Alveoli damage
- Used when a person can not get enough oxgen into their blood
- Exchange in the gut
- Food digested by small soluble molecules
- These are then absorbed into the blood
- Villi line inner surface of small intestine
- Exchange surface for food molecules
- Increase surface area for absoption
- Thin wallls and capillaries close to wall
- Soluble products in digestion can be absorbed into villi by active tarnsport or diffusion
- Food digested by small soluble molecules
- Exchange in plants
- Stomata
- Gasses diffuse in and out the leaf through these tiny holes
- Oxygen
- Waste product of photosynethithesis need for respiration.
- carbon dioxide
- Need for photosynthesis, waste product of respiration.
- Oxygen
- Evaporation occurs through the stomata also.
- if a plant is loosing water faster than wtaer is being replaced stomata closes up so the plant does not wilt and die.
- Gasses diffuse in and out the leaf through these tiny holes
- Leaves are flat and have internal air paces so diffusion does not happen very far
- Root hair Cells
- Cover root increasing surface area
- Aids absoption of mineral ions and water
- Cover root increasing surface area
- Stomata
- Transpiration
- Transpiration stream
- Movement of water up the plant
- Plannt may dehydrate if rate of evaporationin leaves exceeds the water intake by the roots
- Evaporation
- Movement of water up the plant
- More quickly in hot, bright, windy, dry conditions
- Guard cells
- Close to prevent excess water loss
- Wilting
- Reduces surface area as leave droop, reducing water loss.
- Transpiration stream
- Osmosis
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