English language:key theorists
- Created by: wilby99
- Created on: 07-10-15 14:07
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- English language theorists
- gender
- Jenny cheshire
- Women use standard English more than men
- women are more status conscious and expected to behave better
- men drop their h's more than women and say ain't as opposed to isn't
- women are more status conscious and expected to behave better
- boys gained respect from others by acting tough and using non standard english as a part of this (covert prestige)
- Women use standard English more than men
- Tannen
- status v support
- conflict v comprimise
- orders v proposals
- women can't break through the glass ceiling because they speak differently to men
- Zimmerman and West
- in single sex conversations, there rarely any interruptions
- in mixed sex conversations there where a lot of interruptions (mainly male) and overlaps ( all male)
- women ended up speaking less than men
- Pamela Fishman
- women use more tag questions to sustain conversation
- men did not respond well to declaratives as they perceived themselves as being dominant
- Eakins and Eakins
- men spoke for longer suggesting they were in power
- Jenny cheshire
- Power
- Wareing
- two types of power: influential and instrumental
- social power: held as being a part of a dominant social group
- personal power: held as having a role in certain parts of an organisation
- political power:held by those with the backing of the law
- Hornyak
- the shift from personal to work talk is always initiated by the highest ranking person in the room
- Homes and Stubbe
- Repressive discourse strategy
- powerful person: avoids FTAs, strengthens social ties, show power by directing conversation
- Power is used by employers as a way of performing their occupational role
- Using power as part of a role: 'doing power'
- Repressive discourse strategy
- Howard Giles
- accommodation theory: convergence and divergence
- fairclough
- power behind language: contextual
- power in language: methods and features
- ideology: meanings and attitudes displayed in language(we call them terrorists, they say freedom fighters)
- Epistemic modality: suggests possibilities: you could do that
- Deontic modality:displays certainty: you will do that
- Wareing
- Language verieties
- Sinclair and Couldtard: teacher talk
- three part class room talk
- elicitation, response, feedback
- three main functions
- informative, directive, elicitation
- three part class room talk
- Kerswell and Williams (Milton Keynes)
- children's speech in was different to parents + getting closer to a watered down cockney accent
- possibly because of migration or because it was perceived as cool through popular TV porgrams
- Sapir-Whorf
- Said that the language and words we use control how we think (hopi indians-no tenses-different concept of time?)
- if language controls our thought it would never change and we would run out of new ideas
- language must at least influence how we think
- Labov
- Martha's vineyard: created a special group identity
- New York department stores: higher end stores pronounced diphthongs differently SOCIAL STRATIFICATION OF PRONOUNCIATION
- Berstein
- elaborated and restricted codes are determined by our social group
- spoken language
- Grice
- Quantity, quality,relevance, manner
- Hallidays taxonomy
- Instrumental, regulatory, interactional, personal, heuristic, imaginative, representational
- Grice
- Jennifer Coates: slang
- used for social group exclusion
- spread has been helped by social media
- used for group affiliation
- to be successful it has to have a function
- needs to be prestigious, usually covertly
- Sinclair and Couldtard: teacher talk
- gender
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