Eukaryotic Cells and Organelles
- Created by: MollySteele
- Created on: 04-05-18 14:59
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- Eukaryotic Cells and Organelles
- Plasma (Cell Surface) Membrane
- The membrane found on the surface of animal cells and just inside the cell wall of plant cells and prokaryotic cells. Mainly made up of lipids and proteins
- Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It also has receptor molecules on it, which allow it to respond to chemicals like Hormones
- Vesicle
- Small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane
- Transports substances in and out of the cell (via plasma membrane) & between organelles
- Some are formed by GA or ER, while others formed at cell surface
- Cell Wall
- Supports plant cells
- A rigid structure that surrounds plant cells. It's mainly of the carbohydrate cellulose
- Nucleus
- Controls cell activities (controlling transcript of DNA)
- Pores allow substances to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm
- Nucleolus makes Ribosomes
- Contains chromatin (which is made from DNA and proteins) and a structure called the nucleous
- Ribosome
- The site where proteins are made
- A very small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the RER. It's made up of proteins and RNA. Is not surrounded by a membrane
- Nucleolus makes Ribosomes
- Pores allow substances to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm
- Large, surrounded by a nuclear envelope (double membrane), which contains many pores
- Contains chromatin (which is made from DNA and proteins) and a structure called the nucleous
- Pores allow substances to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm
- Nucleolus makes Ribosomes
- Ribosome
- The site where proteins are made
- A very small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the RER. It's made up of proteins and RNA. Is not surrounded by a membrane
- Ribosome
- Nucleolus makes Ribosomes
- Controls cell activities (controlling transcript of DNA)
- Centriole
- Involved with the separation of chromosomes during cell division
- Small, hollow cylinders, made of microtubles. Found in animal cells, but only some plant cells
- Microtubles: Tiny protein cylinders
- Golgi Apparatus
- Group of fluid-filled, membrane bound, flattened sacs
- Vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs
- Processes & packages new lipids + proteins, as well as making lysosomes
- Group of fluid-filled, membrane bound, flattened sacs
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
- Synthesises and processes lipids
- Similar to RER, bt with no ribosomes
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
- Folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes
- A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. The surface is covered with ribosomes
- Cilia
- Small, hair-like structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells
- In cross section, they have an outer membrane and a ring of nine pairs of protein microtubles inside, with two in the middle
- Microtubles allow Cilia to move
- This movement is used by the cell to move substances along the surface
- Small, hair-like structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells
- Mitochondrion
- Usually oval-shaped. Have a double membrane - the inner one is folded to form structures called cristae
- Inside is the matrix, which contains enzymes involved in respiration
- Site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced. They're found in large numbers in cells that are very active and require a lot of energy
- Usually oval-shaped. Have a double membrane - the inner one is folded to form structures called cristae
- Lysosome
- Contains digestive enzymes. These are kept separate from the cytoplasm by the surrounding membrane
- Can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell
- A round membrane-bound organelle, with no clear internal structure
- Contains digestive enzymes. These are kept separate from the cytoplasm by the surrounding membrane
- Flagellum
- Flagella on eukaryotic cells are like Cilia but longer
- Cilia
- Small, hair-like structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells
- In cross section, they have an outer membrane and a ring of nine pairs of protein microtubles inside, with two in the middle
- Microtubles allow Cilia to move
- This movement is used by the cell to move substances along the surface
- Small, hair-like structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells
- They stick out from the cell surface are surrounded by the plasma membrane
- Inside they're like Cilia too - 2 microtubles in the center and 9 pairs around the edge
- Cilia
- The Microtubles contract to make the flagella move
- Flagella are used like outward motors to propel cells forward (e.g. when a sperm cell swims)
- Flagella on eukaryotic cells are like Cilia but longer
- Chloroplast
- Small, flattened structure found in plant cells. Surrounded by a double membrane, also has membranes inside called Thylakoid Membrane
- These membranes stacked up in parts of the chloroplast to form Grana. Grana are linked together by lammae - thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane
- Where photosynthesis takes place. Some parts happen in the grana, & other parts happen in the stroma
- Stroma: Thick fluid found in chloroplasts
- Small, flattened structure found in plant cells. Surrounded by a double membrane, also has membranes inside called Thylakoid Membrane
- Plasma (Cell Surface) Membrane
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