Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
- Created by: Freja
- Created on: 12-04-21 10:35
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- Cells
- Eukaryotic Cells
- Animal Cells
- Contains a plasma membrane, RER, SER, nucleus, nucleolus, lysosome, ribosome, nuclear envelope, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton and mitochondria
- Plant cells
- Has the same organelles as animal cells, but has extra organelles
- Has a plasma membrane, RER, SER, chloroplasts, plasmodes-mata, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, cytoskeleton, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, nucleus, ribosomes and cell wall
- Animal Cells
- Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
- Prokaryotic organisms are single-celled organisms made of prokaryotic cells
- Eukaryotic organisms are made up of eukaryotic cells
- Both contain organelles, which have specific functions
- Prokaryotic Cells
- Bacteria
- Contains a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cell wall, flagellum, DNA (bacterial chromosome)and a plasmid (ring of DNA)
- Bacteria
- Protein Production
- Proteins are synthesised at the ribosomes bound to the endoplasmic reticulum
- They pass into the cisternae and are packaged into transport vesicles
- Vesicles containing the newly synthesised proteins move towards the Golgi apparatus via the transport function of the cytoskeleton
- The vesicles fuse with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus and the proteins enter.
- The proteins are structurally modified before leaving the Golgi apparatus in vesicles from the trans face
- Secretory vesicles carry proteins that are to be released from the cell. The vesicles move towards and fuse with the cell-surface membrane, releasing their products by exocytosis
- Some vesicles form lysosomes, which contains enzymes for use in the cell
- The proteins are structurally modified before leaving the Golgi apparatus in vesicles from the trans face
- The vesicles fuse with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus and the proteins enter.
- Vesicles containing the newly synthesised proteins move towards the Golgi apparatus via the transport function of the cytoskeleton
- They pass into the cisternae and are packaged into transport vesicles
- Proteins are synthesised at the ribosomes bound to the endoplasmic reticulum
- Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic
- DNA
- Prokaryotes- circular DNA
- Eukaryotes- linear DNA
- Nucleus
- Prokaryotes- no nucleus, DNA free in cytoplasm
- Eukaryotes- nucleus present, DNA is inside nucleus
- Cell Wall
- Prokaryotes- made of polysacchar-ide, but not cellulose or chitin
- Eukaryotes- no cell wall in animals, cellulose cell wall in plants and chitin cell wall in fungi
- Organelles
- Prokaryotes- few organelles and none membrane- bound
- Eukaryotes- many organelles and contain membrane-bound
- Flagella
- Prokaryotes- when present are made of the protein flagellin and are arranged in a helix
- Eukaryotes- when present are made of microtubule proteins arranged in a 9 + 2 formation
- Ribsomes
- Prokaryotes- small ribosomes
- Eukaryotes- large ribosomes
- Example
- Prokaryotes- E.coli bacterium
- Eukaryotes- human liver cell
- DNA
- Eukaryotic Cells
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