cell strucutre- eukaryotic cell structure and function
- Created by: gsemma
- Created on: 11-01-19 11:25
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- Eukaryotes, prokaryotes and virus
- eukaryotic
- has a nucleus containing DNA surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
- RNA containing nucleolus within nucleus
- a cytoplasm that contains the organelles and the cytoskeleton.
- a plasma membrane or surface membrane
- membrane bound organelle
- ribosomes and small vesicles.
- animal cells are also eukaryotic but also contain a cell wall, vacuoles and chloroplasts.
- prokaryotes
- include al bacteria's.
- similarities to eukaryotes- plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA and RNA
- differences- smaller, free floating circular DNA (nucleoid), less well developed cytoskeleton, smaller ribosomes.
- some have, protective waxy cuticles, plasmids, flagella and pilli.
- virus
- acelluar and non-living and smaller than bacteria.
- cannot multiply without a host cell
- nucleic acids and proteins contained in capsule.
- capsid has attachment proteins for entering host cells.
- nucleus
- largest organelle- double membrane with pores
- houses genetic material- chromatin that consists of DNA and proteins and instructions for protein synthesis,
- largest organelle- double membrane with pores
- nucleolus
- dense spherical structure inside nucleus.
- makes RNA and ribosomes which pass into cytoplasm and are site of protein assembly.
- dense spherical structure inside nucleus.
- nuclear envelope
- surrounds nucleus- 2 membranes with fluid in them- nuclear pores
- pores allow passage of relatively large molecules e.g. hormones and mRNA
- surrounds nucleus- 2 membranes with fluid in them- nuclear pores
- Rough endoplasmic recticulum (RER)
- flattened membrane sacs called cisternae filled- coated in ribosomes.
- modifies and transports proteins made on ribosomes. some are secreted from cell some re placed on plasma membrane.
- flattened membrane sacs called cisternae filled- coated in ribosomes.
- Smooth ER
- flattered cisternae- no ribosomes.
- lipid production and absorption
- flattered cisternae- no ribosomes.
- Golgi apparatus
- stack of membrane bound flattened as- vesicles can often be seen around the edges
- modifies and packages proteins form the ER and are secreted.
- stack of membrane bound flattened as- vesicles can often be seen around the edges
- mitochondria
- enveloped in 2 membranes - inner is very folded forimg the cristae and filed with liquid matrix containing DNA, proteins, lipids, ribosomes and proteins.
- site of ATP production
- enveloped in 2 membranes - inner is very folded forimg the cristae and filed with liquid matrix containing DNA, proteins, lipids, ribosomes and proteins.
- lysosomes
- single membrane - spherical sacs.
- engulfs and digests foreign and dead/old cell material.
- single membrane - spherical sacs.
- chloroplasts
- plant cells, double membrane, separated by fluid stroma- site of photosynthesis- thylakoid stacks (one stack is called grana)- chlorophyll molecules on thylakoid and lamellae
- site of photosynthesis driven by light.
- plant cells, double membrane, separated by fluid stroma- site of photosynthesis- thylakoid stacks (one stack is called grana)- chlorophyll molecules on thylakoid and lamellae
- vacuole
- fluid filled sacs- membrane called tonolpast
- permanent ones only in plants- contains water and solutes that regulate cells
- fluid filled sacs- membrane called tonolpast
- ribosomes
- Untitled
- eukaryotic
- flattened membrane sacs called cisternae filled- coated in ribosomes.
- modifies and transports proteins made on ribosomes. some are secreted from cell some re placed on plasma membrane.
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