Ethnicity and crime

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  • Ethnicity and crime
    • Trends in ethnicity and crime
      • Over-represented in crime statistics
      • Black people 7x more likely to be stopped and searched under section 60
      • Arrest rate is 3x higher for black people
      • 1/4 of police population are ethnic minorities
        • Black people 4x more likely to be in prison
      • Black people make up 13%of prison population but only 3% of general pop
      • Self-report studied suggest that black and white commit similar levels of crime
      • Institutional racism within the police system
    • Differences in offending
      • Neo-Marxist perspective
        • Crime statistics are not representative of crime in society
          • MEGs are stereotypes differently and as more criminal than white
        • Gilroy
          • Afro-Caribbean groups are not any more criminal than others
            • Stereotypes by police lead to over policing in MEG areas and increased arrests due to this
          • Minority crime may be seen as political resistance
            • Linked to colonialism. When countries were colonised the people resisted British oppression
              • In the UK this activity is criminalised
        • Hall et al  - the muggers crisis
          • The crisis of black crime is a social construction
          • The creation of ‘mugging’ (street crime) became associated with black youth and acted as a scapegoat to divert attention of the public from real issues
            • Political unrest in NI, high inflation and high unemployment rates
          • The black muggers were a symbol of societal disintegration
            • Demonstrated black  youth as threatening and violent
            • Increased class divisions on racial grounds and increased authoritarian rule
          • Black crime is not due to media, police and racist labelling.
            • Due to marginalisation through unemployment so innovation/ crime become necessary
      • Left-realist perspective
        • Racism leads to marginalisation and economic exclusion of minority groups
        • Formation of subcultures in unemployed young black males which are used to deal with relative deprivation
          • Utilitarian crime as a result
        • Lea and Young
          • Selective racism causes differences in MEG crime rates
          • Police may be discriminatoryagainst certain groups
          • Offending patterns are caused by deprivation and subcultures
        • Status frustrations leads to non-utilitarian crime
    • Alternative reasons why MEGs commit more crime
      • Family structure which lacks a a male role model means that black boys have poor socialisation
      • Tony Sewell - black boys are raised by MTV
        • Negative role models in rappers and gangstas
      • Lack of education opportunity due to labelling and ethnocentric curriculum leads to unemployment and crime becomes possible

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