Ethnicity and crime

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  • Ethnicity and Crime
    • Trends:
      • court statistics
        • ethnic minoirites are more likely to be given custodial sentences than ethnic majority
      • Prison statistics
        • Black people make up 3% of the population but 13.1% of prison population
        • Asians make up 6.5% of the population but 7.7% of prison population
      • police statistics
        • ethnic minorities are 3X more likely to be stopped and searched
    • demographic explanations:
      • Explanation:
        • BAME groups contain a disproportionate number of young people compared to white ethnic majority
      • Evaluation:
        • statistic illusion:
          • it is impossible to determine if it is the age of the offenders that cause the highest rates of crime or if its their ethnicity
    • Hall et al: Policing the crisis:
      • neo marxist perspective
      • he says that the ruling class can usually control the subordinate class
        • however, when there is a crisis it is more difficult to control them
    • locality theory: Waddington et al
      • certain areas are more densely populated with ethnic minorities which explains higher stop and search statistics
      • statistics are higher in these areas because the police focus on them due to labels and stereotypes
    • institutional racism:
      • Holdaway 1983:
        • Police individually are not racist however when they are together, they can reinforce stereotypes and then act this way
      • Phillip and Browning :
        • "over policed and under protected"
          • tasers: the chance of being tasered has increased
            • asians: 3 in 10,000
            • whites: 6 in 10,000
            • Blacks: 18 in 10,000
    • social and cultural theory
      • Hirshci - Bond theory
        • young people regardless of their ethnicity commit crime due to the lack of social control
        • He talks about bonds and how they prevent you committing crime and suggests that young people ignore these bonds
          • belief, attachment, commitment and involvement
      • Ethnic minorities dont have access to these bonds so they commit more crime
    • subcultures
      • Left realism: Lea and Young
        • suggest that ethnic minorities suffer from marginalization and relative deprivation which leads to subcultures which can be deviant.
          • not all ethnic minorities join these criminal subcultures
          • not all subcultures are criminal
    • political protest: Gilroy
      • Ethnic minorities often feel alienated by everyday experience of racism and racist police and so commit crime as a protest movement
      • targetting is caused by moral panics such as the black muggers in 1970
        • myth of black criminality
    • Triple Quandary
      • Sewell:
        • three risk factors that could be responsible for the high crime rates in Black boys:
          • 1. lack of a father figure
            • 50% of black women are single parents
          • 3. media such as rappers and status in society
          • 2. negative experiences with white culture

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