Ethnic Differences in Achievement
- Created by: Megnicpip
- Created on: 07-06-18 15:58
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- Ethnic Differences in Achievement
- Patterns
- National Pupil Database 2013 GCSE
- whites and asains do better than blacks
- white pupils account for 4/5 of all pupils
- middle class do better than working class across all ethnic groups
- Department for Education and Skills 2010
- 23% of white boys on FSM gained 5 A* to C at GCSE
- Hastings
- white pupils make less progress between 11 and 16 than black or asain pupils
- white pupils are likely to become the worst performing ethnic group in the country
- National Pupil Database 2013 GCSE
- Cultural Deprivation
- Evaluation
- Driver: ignores positive effects of ethnicity on achievement. Afro carribean families are female headed providing positive role models and are more liekly to go to university than white pupils
- Keddie: victim-blaming explanation, not culturally deprived just different, schools ethnocentricity is the problem
- Lawrence: black culture is not weak
- Anti-racist Education: a policy that challenges the prejudice and discrimination that exists in schools
- Multi-cultural Education: a policy that recognizes and values minority cultures and includes them in the curriculum
- Attitudes and Values
- some black children are socialised into a subculture that instills a fatalistic attitude that does not value education and leaves them unequipped for success
- Asian Families
- place a high value on education
- Lupton:adults authority in asian families is very similar to the model found in school so parents are more likely to be supportive of behavioural policies
- White Families
- McCulloch: ethnic minority pupils are more likely to aspire to go to university than white pupils
- A lack of parental support has been blamed
- Evans: blames street culture saying that it can be brutal, and become a place of power games
- Intellectual and Linguistic Skills
- low income black families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences therefore, unable to develop reasoning and problem-solving skills
- Bereiter et al: low income black american families have inadequate language. it is disjointed, ungrammatical and incapable of expressing abstract ideas
- in 2010 pupils with english as their first language only scored 3.2 points ahead of others
- Family Structure and Parental Support
- Moynihan et al: its a cycle where inadequatley socialised parents are schools failures.
- Murray: a high rate of lone parenthood and a lack of positive role models leads to underachievement
- Gillborn: it is not peer pressure but institutional racism that systematically produces the failure of large numbers of black boys
- Sewell: a lack of fatherly nurturing. cultural differences in socialisation and attitudes towards education
- Evaluation
- Material Deprivation
- Labelling and Teacher Racism
- Gillborn et al: black pupils on entry to primary school were high achievers but by GCSE they had low achievement across all ethnic groups
- Strands: black Caribbean boys not entitled to FSM made significantly less progress than white peers, even though they were able
- negative labels can cause the self-fulfilling prophecy
- Black Pupils and Discipline
- Bourne: schools see them as a threat, labelling them negatively
- Osler: more likely to be put in pupil referral units and more likely to suffer from unofficial unrecorded exclusions
- Gillborn et al: teachers expected them to prsent discipline problems and misinterpreted their behaviour as threatening and challenging authority
- Asian Pupils: Wright: british culture is seen as superior leaving asian pupils out of discussions and using simplistic language when talking to them
- Black Pupils and Streaming
- Foster: negative stereotypes about ability result in the self-fulfilling prophecy
- Gillborn et al: negative stereotypes means they are placed in lower streams
- Pupil Identities
- Archer: teachers dominant discourse defines ethnic minority groups as lacking the favoured ideal pupil identity
- Ideal: a white, middle class, masculinised, natural ability and initiative
- Pathologised: an asian, 'deserving poor', feminised, asexual or oppressed sexuality, plodding conformist, 'culture bound' overachiever
- Demonised:a black or white, hyper-sexualised, unintelligent, peer-led, culturally deprived, under-achiever
- Archer: teachers dominant discourse defines ethnic minority groups as lacking the favoured ideal pupil identity
- Pupil Subcultures and Responses
- Fuller found girls behavior was a way of dealing with the demand to succeed whilst friends with other streams
- Negative labeling does not always lead to failure
- Supported by Mac an Ghalil who found responses depended on ethnic group, gender and the nature of former schools
- Negative labeling does not always lead to failure
- Mirza
- Racist teachers discouraged black pupils from being ambitious through the kind of advice they gave about options and careers
- Students put themselves at a disadvantage by not taking part in lessons and avoiding racist teachers
- Sewell identified 4 groupss of students: innovators, retreatists, rebels and conformists
- Fuller found girls behavior was a way of dealing with the demand to succeed whilst friends with other streams
- Institutional Racism
- CRT:Gillborn: it is so deep rooted and so large that it is practically inevitable feature. Roithmayr: a 'locked in inequality', it is self perpetuating
- Marketisation and Segregation
- Access to Opportunities
- Gillborn: G&T white over twice as likely as black carribeans to be chosen
- Tikeley et al: black pupils were more likely than white pupils to be entered for lower tiers
- Gillborn: allows schools to select pupils and negative stereotypes to influence decisions. Moore et al: failed to get into good secondary schools due to discrimination
- Ethnocentric Curriculm
- David: british curriculm ignores non-european languages, music or literature
- Ball: history curriculum ignores ethnic diversity instead promoting 'little englandism'
- Stone: black children dont suffer from low self esteem
- Criticisms of Gillborn
- Sewell: institutional racism is the main cause, it is not a powerful enough force to prevent individuals from succueding
- Access to Opportunities
- Labelling and Teacher Racism
- Does Class Over-ride Ethnicity?
- Modood: no, white children from low income families generally did less well, the effects of low income were much less for other ethnic groups
- Rex: racial discrimination leads to social exlusion and this worsens the poverty faced by ethnic minorities
- Wood et al: 1 in 16 ethnic minority applicants were offered an interview against 1 in 9 white applicants. ethnic minorities are more likely to face unemployment
- Patterns
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